Test

Hello world

Theory
Scientonomy (Barseghyan-2015)
Epistemic Community Is a Subtype of Epistemic Agent (Barseghyan-2018) Individual Epistemic Agent Is a Subtype of Epistemic Agent (Patton-2019)
Explicit Is a Subtype of Epistemic Element (Mirkin-2018) Implicit Is a Subtype of Epistemic Element (Mirkin-2018) Question Is a Subtype of Epistemic Element (Rawleigh-2018) Theory Is a Subtype of Epistemic Element (Barseghyan-2015)
Compatibility Is a Subtype of Epistemic Stance (Fraser-Sarwar-2018) Norm Employment Is a Subtype of Epistemic Stance (Barseghyan-2018) Question Acceptance Is a Subtype of Epistemic Stance (Rawleigh-2018) Theory Acceptance Is a Subtype of Epistemic Stance (Barseghyan-2015) Theory Pursuit Is a Subtype of Epistemic Stance (Barseghyan-2015) Theory Use Is a Subtype of Epistemic Stance (Barseghyan-2015)
The First Law (Barseghyan-2015)
The First Law for Theories (Barseghyan-2015)
The First Law for Methods (Barseghyan-2015)
Epistemic Stances Towards Epistemic Elements - Compatibility (Fraser-Sarwar-2018)
The Second Law (Patton-Overgaard-Barseghyan-2017)
The Law of Method Employment (Rawleigh-2022)
The Law of Norm Employment (Rawleigh-2022)
The Law of Compatibility (Fraser-Sarwar-2018)
The Law of Question Acceptance (Barseghyan-Levesley-2021)
Scientific Mosaic (Rawleigh-2022)
Theory Rejection theorem (Barseghyan-2015)
Method Rejection theorem (Barseghyan-2015)
Question Rejection theorem (Barseghyan-Levesley-2021)
Response to the Argument from Bad Track Record (Barseghyan-2015)
Community Can Delegate Authority to Another Community (Loiselle-Overgaard-2016)
Compatibility (Fraser-Sarwar-2018)
Epistemic Stances Towards Questions - Question Acceptance (Rawleigh-2018)
Compatibility Corollary (Fraser-Sarwar-2018)
Question Exists
Theory Use Exists
Outcome Satisfied (Patton-Overgaard-Barseghyan-2017)
Logical Presupposition Exists
Descriptive Theory (Sebastien-2016)
Descriptive Theory Exists
Response to the Argument from Nothing Permanent (Barseghyan-2015)
Social Level (Barseghyan-2015)
Response to the Argument from Social Construction (Barseghyan-2015)
Epistemic Agent Exists
Outcome Inconclusive (Patton-Overgaard-Barseghyan-2017)
Technological Knowledge as Part of Mosaic (Mirkin-2018)
Theory Acceptance Is a Subtype of Epistemic Stance (Barseghyan-2015)
Compatibility Criteria are Part of Method (Barseghyan-2015)
Theory Use (Barseghyan-2015)
Epistemic Stances Towards Theories - Theory Acceptance (Barseghyan-2015) Epistemic Stances Towards Theories - Theory Pursuit (Barseghyan-2015) Epistemic Stances Towards Theories - Theory Use (Barseghyan-2015)
Explicit (Mirkin-Barseghyan-2018)
Discipline (Patton-Al-Zayadi-2021)
Individual Level (Barseghyan-2015)
Compatibility Is a Subtype of Epistemic Stance (Fraser-Sarwar-2018)
Assessment of Scientonomy - Relevant Facts (Barseghyan-2015)
Theory Use Is a Subtype of Epistemic Stance (Barseghyan-2015)
The Zeroth Law (Harder-2015) is Tautological (Fraser-Sarwar-2018)
One-sided Authority Delegation (Patton-2019)
Scientonomic Workflow (Barseghyan et al.-2016)
Normative Theory Exists
Epistemic Agent (Patton-2019)
Goals of Peer Review - Pursuitworthiness (Shaw-Barseghyan-2019)
Theory Pursuit Is a Subtype of Epistemic Stance (Barseghyan-2015)
Procedural Method Is a Subtype of Method (Barseghyan-2015) Substantive Method Is a Subtype of Method (Barseghyan-2015)
Demarcation Criteria (Barseghyan-2015)
Epistemic Community Is a Subtype of Epistemic Agent (Barseghyan-2018)
Discipline Acceptance (Patton-Al-Zayadi-2021)
Question (Rawleigh-2018)
Question Is a Subtype of Epistemic Element (Rawleigh-2018)
Scope of Scientonomy - Appraisal (Barseghyan-2015)
Compatibility Criteria (Fraser-Sarwar-2018)
Sociocultural Factors in Theory Acceptance theorem (Barseghyan-2015)
Theory Acceptance Exists
Procedural Method (Barseghyan-2015)
Scope of Scientonomy - Acceptance (Barseghyan-2015)
Definition Exists
Acceptance Criteria are Part of Method (Barseghyan-2015) Compatibility Criteria are Part of Method (Barseghyan-2015) Demarcation Criteria are Part of Method (Barseghyan-2015)
Group (Overgaard-2017)
Resolution to the Paradox of Normative Propositions (Sebastien-2016)
Explicable-Implicit (Mirkin-Barseghyan-2018)
Multiple Authority Delegation Is a Subtype of Authority Delegation (Loiselle-2017) Singular Authority Delegation Is a Subtype of Authority Delegation (Loiselle-2017)
Theory Acceptance (Barseghyan-2018)
Descriptive Theory Is a Subtype of Theory (Barseghyan-2015)
Theory (Sebastien-2016)
Normative Theory Is a Subtype of Theory (Sebastien-2016)
Dogmatism No Theory Change theorem (Barseghyan-2015)
Multiple Authority Delegation (Patton-2019)
Methodology Can Shape Method theorem (Barseghyan-2015)
Question Acceptance Is a Subtype of Epistemic Stance (Rawleigh-2018)
Mosaic Merge (Barseghyan-2015)
Publishing Modification Comments (Shaw-Barseghyan-2019)
The Second Law (Barseghyan-2015) is Tautological (Barseghyan-2015)
Method Is a Subtype of Normative Theory (Barseghyan-2018)
Acceptance Criteria are Part of Method (Barseghyan-2015)
Inexplicable (Mirkin-Barseghyan-2018)
Definition Is a Subtype of Theory (Barseghyan-2018) Descriptive Theory Is a Subtype of Theory (Barseghyan-2015) Normative Theory Is a Subtype of Theory (Sebastien-2016)
Delineating Theory (Patton-Al-Zayadi-2021)
Acceptance Criteria (Barseghyan-2015)
Theory Exists
Scope of Scientonomy - All Fields (Barseghyan-2015) Scope of Scientonomy - All Scales (Barseghyan-2015) Scope of Scientonomy - All Time Periods (Barseghyan-2015)
Mosaic Split (Barseghyan-2015)
Indicators of Theory Acceptance (Barseghyan-2015)
Community Exists
Possibility of Scientonomy (Barseghyan-2015)
Hierarchical Authority Delegation (Patton-2019)
Necessary Method theorem (Barseghyan-2015)
Epistemic Presupposition Exists
Compatibility Criteria Exists Demarcation Criteria Exists
Scientific Change (Barseghyan-2015)
Epistemic Stances Towards Normative Theories - Norm Employment (Barseghyan-2018)
The Second Law (Patton-Overgaard-Barseghyan-2017) is Not Tautological (Patton-Overgaard-Barseghyan-2017)
Theory Pursuit (Barseghyan-2015)
Hierarchical Authority Delegation Is a Subtype of Multiple Authority Delegation (Loiselle-2017)
Error (Machado-Marques-Patton-2021)
Individual Epistemic Agent Exists
Community (Overgaard-2017)
Epistemic Stance Exists
Necessary Mosaic Split theorem (Barseghyan-2015) Possible Mosaic Split theorem (Barseghyan-2015) Split Due to Inconclusiveness theorem (Barseghyan-2015)
History of Scientific Change (Barseghyan-2015)
Scientific Underdeterminism theorem (Barseghyan-2015) Underdetermined Method Change theorem (Barseghyan-2015) Underdetermined Theory Change theorem (Barseghyan-2015)
Individual Epistemic Agent Is a Subtype of Epistemic Agent (Patton-2019)
Implicit (Mirkin-Barseghyan-2018)
Allow Modification Reformulations (Shaw-Barseghyan-2019)
Scope of Scientonomy - Social (Barseghyan-2015)
Epistemic Element Exists
Acceptance Criteria Exists
Question Acceptance (Rawleigh-2018)
Methodology (Barseghyan-2018)
Core Theory (Patton-Al-Zayadi-2021)
Normative Theory (Sebastien-2016)
Question Can Presuppose Theories (Barseghyan-Levesley-2019) Theory Answers Question (Rawleigh-2018)
Response to the Argument from Changeability of Scientific Method (Barseghyan-2015)
Pursuit as Distinct from Acceptance (Barseghyan-2015)
Method Is a Subtype of Normative Theory (Barseghyan-2018)
Synchronism of Method Rejection theorem (Barseghyan-2015)
Outcome Not Satisfied (Patton-Overgaard-Barseghyan-2017)
Asynchronism of Method Employment theorem (Barseghyan-2015)
Explicit Is a Subtype of Epistemic Element (Mirkin-2018)
Demarcation Criteria Exists
Epistemic Presupposition (Barseghyan-Levesley-2021)
The Law of Compatibility (Fraser-Sarwar-2018) is Not Tautological (Fraser-Sarwar-2018)
Epistemic Community Exists
Theory Pursuit Exists
Accidental Group (Overgaard-2017)
Theory Is a Subtype of Epistemic Element (Barseghyan-2015)
Definition (Barseghyan-2018)
Norm Employment Is a Subtype of Epistemic Stance (Barseghyan-2018)
Indicators of Method Employment (Barseghyan-2015)
Logical Presupposition (Barseghyan-Levesley-2021)
Scope of Scientonomy - Implicit and Explicit (Barseghyan-2017)
Question Can Presuppose Theories (Barseghyan-Levesley-2019) Theory Answers Question (Rawleigh-2018)
Norm Employment (Barseghyan-2018)
Handling Ripple Effects - Editorial House Keeping (Shaw-Barseghyan-2019)
Error Rejection by Replacement (Machado-Marques-Patton-2021)
Question Acceptance Exists
Demarcation Criteria are Part of Method (Barseghyan-2015)
Singular Authority Delegation (Patton-2019)
Mutual Authority Delegation (Patton-2019)
Subdiscipline (Patton-Al-Zayadi-2021)
Method (Barseghyan-2018)
Definition Is a Subtype of Theory (Barseghyan-2018)
Theory Assessment Outcomes (Patton-Overgaard-Barseghyan-2017)
Implicit Is a Subtype of Epistemic Element (Mirkin-2018)
Scope of Scientonomy - Descriptive (Barseghyan-2015)
Non-Hierarchical Authority Delegation (Patton-2019)
The First Law (Barseghyan-2015)
The First Law (Barseghyan-2015)
The First Law (Barseghyan-2015)
The First Law for Theories (Barseghyan-2015)
The First Law for Theories (Barseghyan-2015)
Epistemic Stances Towards Epistemic Elements - Compatibility (Fraser-Sarwar-2018)
Epistemic Stances Towards Epistemic Elements - Compatibility (Fraser-Sarwar-2018)
Epistemic Stances Towards Epistemic Elements - Compatibility (Fraser-Sarwar-2018)
Epistemic Stances Towards Epistemic Elements - Compatibility (Fraser-Sarwar-2018)
Epistemic Stances Towards Epistemic Elements - Compatibility (Fraser-Sarwar-2018)
Epistemic Stances Towards Epistemic Elements - Compatibility (Fraser-Sarwar-2018)
The Second Law (Patton-Overgaard-Barseghyan-2017)
Epistemic Stances Towards Epistemic Elements - Compatibility (Fraser-Sarwar-2018)
The Second Law (Patton-Overgaard-Barseghyan-2017)
The Third Law (Sebastien-2016)
The Third Law (Sebastien-2016)
The Third Law (Sebastien-2016)
The Third Law (Sebastien-2016)
The Third Law (Sebastien-2016)
The Third Law (Sebastien-2016)
The Third Law (Sebastien-2016)
The Law of Norm Employment (Rawleigh-2022)
The Law of Compatibility (Fraser-Sarwar-2018)
The Law of Compatibility (Fraser-Sarwar-2018)
The Law of Question Acceptance (Barseghyan-Levesley-2021)
Theory Rejection theorem (Barseghyan-2015)
Theory Rejection theorem (Barseghyan-2015)
Theory Rejection theorem (Barseghyan-2015)
Method Rejection theorem (Barseghyan-2015)
Method Rejection theorem (Barseghyan-2015)
Possibility of Scientonomy (Barseghyan-2015)
Epistemic Stances Towards Theories - Theory Acceptance (Barseghyan-2015) Epistemic Stances Towards Theories - Theory Pursuit (Barseghyan-2015) Epistemic Stances Towards Theories - Theory Use (Barseghyan-2015)
Scientonomic Workflow (Barseghyan et al.-2016)
Necessary Mosaic Split theorem (Barseghyan-2015) Possible Mosaic Split theorem (Barseghyan-2015) Split Due to Inconclusiveness theorem (Barseghyan-2015)
Epistemic Stances Towards Theories - Theory Acceptance (Barseghyan-2015) Epistemic Stances Towards Theories - Theory Pursuit (Barseghyan-2015) Epistemic Stances Towards Theories - Theory Use (Barseghyan-2015)
Possibility of Scientonomy (Barseghyan-2015)
Assessment of Scientonomy - Relevant Facts (Barseghyan-2015)
Technological Knowledge as Part of Mosaic (Mirkin-2018)
Epistemic Stances Towards Theories - Theory Acceptance (Barseghyan-2015) Epistemic Stances Towards Theories - Theory Pursuit (Barseghyan-2015) Epistemic Stances Towards Theories - Theory Use (Barseghyan-2015)
Possibility of Scientonomy (Barseghyan-2015)
Possibility of Scientonomy (Barseghyan-2015)
Scientonomic Workflow (Barseghyan et al.-2016)
Scope of Scientonomy - Implicit and Explicit (Barseghyan-2017)
Epistemic Stances Towards Theories - Theory Acceptance (Barseghyan-2015) Epistemic Stances Towards Theories - Theory Pursuit (Barseghyan-2015) Epistemic Stances Towards Theories - Theory Use (Barseghyan-2015)
Scientonomic Workflow (Barseghyan et al.-2016)
Possibility of Scientonomy (Barseghyan-2015)
Necessary Mosaic Split theorem (Barseghyan-2015) Possible Mosaic Split theorem (Barseghyan-2015) Split Due to Inconclusiveness theorem (Barseghyan-2015)
Epistemic Stances Towards Normative Theories - Norm Employment (Barseghyan-2018)
Theory Assessment Outcomes (Patton-Overgaard-Barseghyan-2017)
Scientonomic Workflow (Barseghyan et al.-2016)
Epistemic Stances Towards Theories - Theory Acceptance (Barseghyan-2015) Epistemic Stances Towards Theories - Theory Pursuit (Barseghyan-2015) Epistemic Stances Towards Theories - Theory Use (Barseghyan-2015)
Scientonomic Workflow (Barseghyan et al.-2016)
Epistemic Community Is a Subtype of Epistemic Agent (Barseghyan-2018) Individual Epistemic Agent Is a Subtype of Epistemic Agent (Patton-2019)
Question Is a Subtype of Epistemic Element (Rawleigh-2018) Theory Is a Subtype of Epistemic Element (Barseghyan-2015) Explicit Is a Subtype of Epistemic Element (Mirkin-2018) Implicit Is a Subtype of Epistemic Element (Mirkin-2018)
Theory Acceptance Is a Subtype of Epistemic Stance (Barseghyan-2015) Norm Employment Is a Subtype of Epistemic Stance (Barseghyan-2018) Question Acceptance Is a Subtype of Epistemic Stance (Rawleigh-2018) Compatibility Is a Subtype of Epistemic Stance (Fraser-Sarwar-2018) Theory Use Is a Subtype of Epistemic Stance (Barseghyan-2015) Theory Pursuit Is a Subtype of Epistemic Stance (Barseghyan-2015)
The First Law (Barseghyan-2015)
The First Law for Methods (Barseghyan-2015)
Epistemic Stances Towards Epistemic Elements - Compatibility (Fraser-Sarwar-2018)
The Second Law (Patton-Overgaard-Barseghyan-2017)
The Law of Norm Employment (Rawleigh-2022)
The Law of Compatibility (Fraser-Sarwar-2018)
The Law of Question Acceptance (Barseghyan-Levesley-2021)
Theory Rejection theorem (Barseghyan-2015)
Method Rejection theorem (Barseghyan-2015)
Question Rejection theorem (Barseghyan-Levesley-2021)
Sociocultural Factors in Theory Acceptance theorem (Barseghyan-2015)
Scope of Scientonomy - Descriptive (Barseghyan-2015)
Necessary Method theorem (Barseghyan-2015)
Scope of Scientonomy - Social (Barseghyan-2015)
Theory Assessment Outcomes (Patton-Overgaard-Barseghyan-2017)
Scope of Scientonomy - All Fields (Barseghyan-2015) Scope of Scientonomy - All Scales (Barseghyan-2015) Scope of Scientonomy - All Time Periods (Barseghyan-2015)
Underdetermined Method Change theorem (Barseghyan-2015) Underdetermined Theory Change theorem (Barseghyan-2015) Scientific Underdeterminism theorem (Barseghyan-2015)
Dogmatism No Theory Change theorem (Barseghyan-2015)
Necessary Method theorem (Barseghyan-2015)
Assessment of Scientonomy - Relevant Facts (Barseghyan-2015)
Necessary Mosaic Split theorem (Barseghyan-2015) Possible Mosaic Split theorem (Barseghyan-2015) Split Due to Inconclusiveness theorem (Barseghyan-2015)
Necessary Method theorem (Barseghyan-2015)
Scope of Scientonomy - Acceptance (Barseghyan-2015)
Methodology Can Shape Method theorem (Barseghyan-2015)
Scope of Scientonomy - Appraisal (Barseghyan-2015)
Sociocultural Factors in Theory Acceptance theorem (Barseghyan-2015)
Scope of Scientonomy - Implicit and Explicit (Barseghyan-2017)

In Scientonomy, the accepted definition of the term is Scientonomy (Barseghyan-2015). It is defined as: "A descriptive discipline that attempts to uncover the actual general mechanism of scientific change."

Welcome to the Encyclopedia of Scientonomy

the clearing house for the scientonomic knowledge on the process of scientific change that aims at

• outlining the current state of our communal knowledge of the mechanism of scientific change;
• tracing all suggested modifications to our communal knowledge;
• documenting the open questions concerning the process of scientific change.

There are currently 3,650 pages in this encyclopedia.

Featured Article Mechanism of Method Employment How do methods become employed by an epistemic agent? In the scientonomic context, this question was first formulated by Hakob Barseghyan in 2015. The question is currently accepted as a legitimate topic for discussion by Scientonomy community. The Law of Method Employment (Rawleigh-2022) and The Law of Norm Employment (Rawleigh-2022) are currently accepted by Scientonomy community as the best available answers to the question. At the moment, the question has no accepted answer in Scientonomy. Read More In the news 21 February 2024: Modification Sciento-2024-0001 was not accepted. This modification was one of the three introduced that superseded Oh’s original modification, given that members of the community wanted the option to vote separately on the three distinct modifications contained in the original proposed modification. The community found that, while there are intuitive reasons to accept element decay’s existence, the lack of observational evidence beyond Oh’s investigation of the episode of Cremonese violins brought many people pause. Rebecca Muscant noted that the risks of accepting the existence of a phenomenon prematurely overweigh the risks of keeping the question open, since showing the non-existence of a phenomenon is a much more arduous task. Deivide Oliveira suggested that, in spite of this risk, accepting the modification would allow for more instances of element decay to be identified. However, Landon See and Hakob Barseghyan pushed back, suggesting that the premature acceptance of the existence of element decay may in fact disencourage scholars from searching for other historical episodes involving element decay. They suggested that leaving the question open would be more conducive to future pursuit of the topic. It was also agreed that one clear-cut instance is necessary before the existence of element decay can be accepted. Concern about stakes more generally permeated the discussion. Although Jamie Shaw rightly identified that our community has safeguards against dogmatic practice, and is small enough that things do not slip through the cracks, concerns about premature acceptance persisted until the end of the discussion. Ultimately, then the community voted to keep the modification open by over a 2/3rds majority. 11 out of 15 votes supported keeping the modification open. Read More 21 February 2024: Modification Sciento-2021-0005 was not accepted. Prior to the 2024 workshop, several comments were left on the encyclopedia expressing a range of opinions regarding accepting the modification. Carlin Henikoff expressed an issue with expecting scientonomers to be responsible for making existential claims regarding phenomena which lie beyond the scope of scientonomy, and highlighted the lack of clear-cut case studies in Oh’s paper, although she did not take issue with the classification of element decay as non-scientonomic or its potential usefulness in explicating mosaic dynamics. Other commenters who supported accepting the modification still identified that further observational work needed to be done on certain aspects of the modification. For example, Joshua Allen believed that more work needed to be done on Oh’s proposed list of necessary indicators, the acceptance of which was entwined with the rest of the modification. During the discussion at the 2024 scientonomy workshop, some participants raised a concern that the original modification makes several sufficiently distinct claims that must be evaluated separately. After brief discussion led by Paul Patton about non-scientonomic phenomena and whether we have a formal definition for them in scientonomy, Hakob Barseghyan highlighted that accepting that element decay exists and accepting that element decay is non-scientonomic was being coupled in the same modification. Thus, perhaps the modification should be split into two sub-modifications that could be individually voted on, which would also address Patton and Henikoff’s concerns. Then, Izzy Friesen suggested that the modification should in fact be superseded by three modification, as the original modification essentially consists of three suggestions: accept the existence of element decay; accept the indicators of element decay; accept that element decay is a non scientonomic phenomenon. After a brief discussion about the merits of splitting, the community voted on whether to split the modification two ways, three ways, or to keep it as is. The option to split the modification three ways reached a two-thirds majority. Read More 21 February 2024: Modification Sciento-2021-0006 was accepted. Prior to the 2024 workshop, Hakob Barseghyan commented on the encyclopedia indicating his support for accepting this modification and noted its potential to underpin further work on discipline dynamics. In fact, a significant amount of observational scientonomy work has been carried out in the past few years (including the paper on the rejection of alchemy by Friesen and Patton (2023),1 as well as some more recent papers) that presupposes the acceptance of these definitions, despite the fact that the modification containing them formally remains open. There was very little discussion about the modification, beyond raising points for the community to look forward to in the future, like a brief discussion between Jamie Shaw and Paul Patton about the need for more research on the difference between disciplines and disciplinary communities. The modification was accepted unanimously with 18 votes. Read More

Recent Suggested Modifications (all) Sciento-2024-0003: Open Sanghoon Oh Accept that element decay is a non-scientonomic phenomenon. The modification is currently being evaluated; a verdict is pending. Read More Sciento-2024-0002: Open Sanghoon Oh Accept a list of necessary indicators of theory decay. The modification is currently being evaluated; a verdict is pending. Read More Sciento-2024-0001: Open Sanghoon Oh Accept that the phenomenon of element decay exists. The modification is currently being evaluated; a verdict is pending. Read More Recent Publications (check out the journal) Discipline Dynamics of Chymistry and Rejection of Alchemy Paul Patton and Izzy Friesen Abstract: This paper applies Patton and Al-Zayadi’s scientonomic framework for understanding disciplines to a case study of the development of the chemical discipline ("chymistry") from the 17th century through the early 18th century in Western Europe. Using evidence from the tradition of textbook publication that emerged in the seventeenth-century chymistry, we reconstruct the top-level of the question hierarchy of chymistry. Analyzing how these questions and their associated theories were received, we first show how, starting in the 1660s, alchemy transitioned from a synonym of chymistry to chymistry’s subdiscipline with a more limited scope. We identify that the rejection of alchemy's core questions occurred in the 1720s based on the reception of these questions in scientific publications and by academic institutions. Hence, we conclude that the subdiscipline of alchemy became rejected in the 1720s. In order to conduct our case-study, we closely follow Newman and Principe's research on early modern alchemy and chymistry in our reconstruction of the episode. However, using the scientonomic framework in analyzing this case study reveals the specific dynamics of this instance of sub-discipline rejection. Our deepened understanding of this hallmark historical episode of disciplinary rejection indicates the value of Patton and Al-Zayadi’s theoretical framework for observational scientonomic research. Read More Epistemic Actions: A Scientonomic Framework Joshua Allen Abstract: In a series of publications, Hasok Chang makes the case that activities carried out by epistemic agents form the basis of the scientific enterprise. This paper provides an action-based scientonomic perspective of scientific practice. I define epistemic action as an action of an epistemic agent that involves an epistemic element and highlight the difference between global and local actions. The availability of a local action to an epistemic agent amounts to the agent employing the norm that the local action is permissible/desirable. To unearth the mechanism by which local actions become available to epistemic agents, I derive the local action availability theorem, according to which, a local epistemic action becomes available to an agent only when its permissibility is derivable from a non-empty subset of other elements of the agent’s mosaic, i.e., from that agent’s employed norms and accepted theories. This framework is then applied to the emergence of the local action of determining the composition of chemical substances by weighing as practiced by Lavoisier and his followers; it is shown that the respective norm became employed in accord with the local action availability theorem. Read More Corpus Linguistics Strategies for Identifying Accepted Theories in Early Modern England G. G. Shan Abstract: The paper investigates the applicability of corpus linguistics to the construction of a database of intellectual history. Working with the Royal Society Corpus (RSC), it presents a series of corpus queries that can aid with computationally identifying potential instances of communal theory acceptance in England during the period of 1665-1800. These queries allowed to identify a set of noun-adjective pairs potentially synonymous with “accepted theory” and retrieve around 1,400 excerpts potentially indicative of instances of communal theory acceptance. The paper also discusses some strategies for identifying the epistemic agent, as well as the RSC’s place within the broader historical context. Finally, I argue that, in addition to exploring corpus linguistics strategies, methodologies for interpreting computationally retrieved data should also be developed. Read More

From today's featured list Some text