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- Kim (1999) + (It has been about a century and half since … It has been about a century and half since the ideas that we now</br>associate with emergentism began taking shape.1 At the core of</br>these ideas was the thought that as systems acquire increasingly</br>higher degrees of organizational complexity they begin to exhibit</br>novel properties that in some sense transcend the properties of their</br>constituent parts, and behave in ways that cannot be predicted on</br>the basis of the laws governing simpler systems. It is now standard</br>to trace the birth of emergentism back to John Stuart Mill</br>and his distinction between “heteropathic” and “homopathic” laws,2</br>although few of us would be surprised to learn that the same</br>or similar ideas had been entertained by our earlier philosophical</br>forebears.3 Academic philosophers – like Samuel Alexander and</br>C.D. Broad in Britain, A.O. Lovejoy and Roy Wood Sellars in</br>the United States – played an important role in developing the</br>concept of emergence and the attendant doctrines of emergentism,</br>but it is interesting to note that the fundamental idea seems to have</br>had a special appeal to scientists and those outside professional</br>philosophy. These include the British biologist C. Lloyd Morgan,</br>a leading theoretician of the emergentist movement early in this</br>century, and, more recently, the noted neurophysiologist Roger W.</br>Sperry.e noted neurophysiologist Roger W. Sperry.)