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George Berkeley (1685-1753) questioned Locke and Descartes' conception of a corpuscular mechanistic material world. Drawing on Locke's distinction between mind-dependent secondary qualities and mind-independent primary qualities, he questioned whether primary qualities such as size, shape, texture and motion were, indeed, mind-independent. Denying the existence of material substance, Berkeley attributed intersubjective agreement about the perceived world and its apparent stability to the action of God rather than to the properties of invisible material corpuscles. [[CiteRef::Downing (2013)]][[CiteRef::Berkeley (1957)]] Berkeley's criticism of corpuscular matter had a strong influence on subsequent thinkers, including David Hume (1711-1776) and Immanuel Kant (1724-1804).

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