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In [[Imre Lakatos]]’ theory of scientific change, the ontological elements were individual scientific theories and his so-called scientific research programmes[[CiteRef::Lakatos (1970)]] which were reducible to distinct families of scientific theories. For Lakatos, a scientific research programme consisted of all theories which shared a common hard core of empirical content and a peripheral protective belt of potentially distinct empirical content such that a small change in the protective belt would not impact the ontology of the theory. The hard core of empirical content constituted that which links together all theories in the research programme as subscribing to the same physical ontology. Within this framework, the units of scientific change are piecemeal changes in the peripheral elements of research programmes, and the rejection of these programmes themselves.
[[Larry Laudan]] also proposed a theory of scientific change, namely his reticulated model,[[CiteRef::Laudan (1984a)]] wherein there are scientific theories, scientific methods, and scientific values, all interdependent. In this model, the epistemic elements are theories, methods, and values, and this model posits that the values of the community are reflected in the methods, and the methods determine which theories become accepted. However, he also notes that the accepted theories influence which methods the community will employ, and can equally change the values of the community. In this respect, the reticulated model is a fully dynamic, covariant theory of scientific change wherein all epistemic elements influence one another. This was notably one of the first attempts at a theory of scientific change that included a dynamic method and acknowledged that such a dynamic method could itself be influenced by the theories that become accepted under it.
|History=Initially, the ontology of scientific change was posited in the ''Metatheory'' of ''[[Barseghyan (2015)|the LSC]]'' through the ''[[:Category:Definitional Topic|definition]]'' of [[Scientific Mosaic|scientific mosaic]] as a set of all accepted theories and employed methods.[[CiteRef::Barseghyan (2015)|p. 5]] According to this initial ontology, "at any moment of time, there are certain theories and certain methods employed in theory assessment".[[CiteRef::Barseghyan (2015)|p.5]] In that ontology, [[Theory|theories]] and [[Method|methods]] were the only types of elements that undergo scientific change, while the class of theories only included [[Descriptive Theory|''descriptive theories'']]; [[Normative Theory|''normative theories'']] and [[Definition|''definitions'']] were left out of the ontology.
