Difference between revisions of "Guidelines:Citations"

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<blockquote>There is good reason to believe that a general TSC is not only theoretically possible, but also practically achievable. Indeed, no serious scientist would ever take initial failures in finding regularities as a reason for despair. Physicists, for instance, do not stop searching for general laws when their initial attempts fail to produce the desired results. Likewise, no level of complexity or apparent disunity of historical episodes can justify the particularist abolition of the idea of a general TSC.[[CiteRef::Barseghyan (2015)]]</blockquote>   
 
<blockquote>There is good reason to believe that a general TSC is not only theoretically possible, but also practically achievable. Indeed, no serious scientist would ever take initial failures in finding regularities as a reason for despair. Physicists, for instance, do not stop searching for general laws when their initial attempts fail to produce the desired results. Likewise, no level of complexity or apparent disunity of historical episodes can justify the particularist abolition of the idea of a general TSC.[[CiteRef::Barseghyan (2015)]]</blockquote>   
  
To make this work, the resource (in this case <code><nowiki>Barseghyan (2015)</nowiki></code>) should be properly defined using <code><nowiki>{{#scite}}</nowiki></code> template:  
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To make this work, the resource - in this case <code><nowiki>Barseghyan (2015)</nowiki></code> - should be properly defined using <code><nowiki>{{#scite}}</nowiki></code> template:  
  
 
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Such <code><nowiki>{{#scite}}</nowiki></code> entries must be created for all cited resources. Although these bibliographic entries can be inserted anywhere on the page, we recommend placing them at the end of the article for the sake of consistency.  
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Such <code><nowiki>{{#scite}}</nowiki></code> entries must be created for all cited resources. Although, in principle, these bibliographic entries can be inserted anywhere on any page of the wiki, the best practice is to add all <code><nowiki>{{#scite}}</nowiki></code> entries the special [[Bibliography]] page of this encyclopedia. This helps ensure that:
 +
* no resource is defined twice in the encyclopedia;
 +
* authors can easily determine whether a certain resource has been already defined.
 +
To that end, it is instrumental that all <code><nowiki>{{#scite}}</nowiki></code> entries be defined in the alphabetical order.
  
{{note}} The same resource '''should only be defined once''' throughout the encyclopedia. Once defined on any page of the encyclopedia, the resource can be cited '''throughout the encyclopedia regardless of where it was defined'''. For instance, the above resource is defined on this page but can be referenced from any page of the encyclopedia as <code><nowiki>[[CiteRef::Barseghyan (2015)]]</nowiki></code>.
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{{note|'''Note:''' The same resource '''should only be defined once''' throughout the encyclopedia. Once defined on any page of the encyclopedia, the resource can be cited '''throughout the encyclopedia regardless of where it was defined'''. For instance, the above resource is defined on this page but can be referenced from any page of the encyclopedia as <code><nowiki>[[CiteRef::Barseghyan (2015)]]</nowiki></code>.|reminder}}
 
 
{{note}} The <code><nowiki>[[CiteRef...]]</nowiki></code> tag is Case Sensitive. Thus, <code><nowiki>[[Citeref...]]</nowiki></code> tag won't work.
 
  
 
Different types of resources require slightly different templates. At this moment the following templates are in use:
 
Different types of resources require slightly different templates. At this moment the following templates are in use:
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== Indicating the Page Number ==
 
== Indicating the Page Number ==
To indicate a specific page of the citation, please add <code><nowiki>|p.<pagenumber></nowiki></code> to the <code><nowiki>[[CiteRef...]]</nowiki></code> annotation. For example, <code><nowiki>[[CiteRef::Barseghyan (2015)|p. xii]]</nowiki></code> will produce this result: [[CiteRef::Barseghyan (2015)|p. xii]].
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To indicate a specific page of the citation, please add <code><nowiki>|p. <pagenumber></nowiki></code> to the <code><nowiki>[[CiteRef...]]</nowiki></code> annotation. For example, <code><nowiki>[[CiteRef::Barseghyan (2015)|p. xii]]</nowiki></code> will produce this result:[[CiteRef::Barseghyan (2015)|p. xii]].
 +
 
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For references to '''multiple pages''', please use <code><nowiki>|pp.</nowiki></code> instead of <code><nowiki>|p.</nowiki></code>, e.g. <code><nowiki>[[CiteRef::Barseghyan (2015)|pp. 1-3]]</nowiki></code>:[[CiteRef::Barseghyan (2015)|pp. 1-3]]   
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 +
{{note}} There should be '''no space''' between <code><nowiki>|</nowiki></code> and <code><nowiki>p.</nowiki></code>, but there must be a space ''before'' the page number. Thus, <code><nowiki>[[CiteRef::Barseghyan (2015)| p.xii]]</nowiki></code> is incorrect, while <code><nowiki>[[CiteRef::Barseghyan (2015)|p. xii]]</nowiki></code> is correct.
  
 
== Multiple Authors ==
 
== Multiple Authors ==
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The encyclopedia will automatically add '''References''' section to the bottom of the page. If the position of this section needs to be changed, insert <code><nowiki>{{#referencelist:}}</nowiki></code> at the desired location.  
 
The encyclopedia will automatically add '''References''' section to the bottom of the page. If the position of this section needs to be changed, insert <code><nowiki>{{#referencelist:}}</nowiki></code> at the desired location.  
 
In most cases, '''References''' should be the last section on the page. That is the default behavior if no <code><nowiki>{{#referencelist:}}</nowiki></code> is inserted on the page. So please '''do not insert''' any  <code><nowiki>{{#referencelist:}}</nowiki></code> unless you absolutely need to move the '''References''' section from its default location at the bottom of the page.   
 
In most cases, '''References''' should be the last section on the page. That is the default behavior if no <code><nowiki>{{#referencelist:}}</nowiki></code> is inserted on the page. So please '''do not insert''' any  <code><nowiki>{{#referencelist:}}</nowiki></code> unless you absolutely need to move the '''References''' section from its default location at the bottom of the page.   
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 +
== Common Errors ==
 +
=== Multiple Definitions ===
 +
Each resource must be defined precisely once throughout the whole encyclopedia. Defining the same resource more than once can lead to unwanted consequences. To avoid that, please make sure that the resource you are about to define as an <code><nowiki>{{#scite}}</nowiki></code> entry doesn't exist.
 +
 +
=== wRong cAse ===
 +
{{note}} The <code><nowiki>[[CiteRef...]]</nowiki></code> tag is Case Sensitive. Thus, <code><nowiki>[[Citeref...]]</nowiki></code> tag won't work. Similarly, <code><nowiki>[[CiteRef::barseghyan (2015)]]</nowiki></code> won't work.
 +
 +
=== Beware of Spaces ===
 +
{{note}} There is no space after <code><nowiki>::</nowiki></code>. Thus, <code><nowiki>[[CiteRef:: Bird (2013)]]</nowiki></code> is invalid. The valid markup is <code><nowiki>[[CiteRef::Bird (2013)]]</nowiki></code>.
  
 
[[Category:Guidelines]]
 
[[Category:Guidelines]]

Revision as of 14:33, 17 July 2016

To add a reference, please make use of [[CiteRef::Barseghyan (2015)]] style annotations. Here is an example:

There is good reason to believe that a general TSC is not only theoretically possible, but also practically achievable. Indeed, no serious scientist would ever take initial failures in finding regularities as a reason for despair. Physicists, for instance, do not stop searching for general laws when their initial attempts fail to produce the desired results. Likewise, no level of complexity or apparent disunity of historical episodes can justify the particularist abolition of the idea of a general TSC.1

To make this work, the resource - in this case Barseghyan (2015) - should be properly defined using {{#scite}} template:

{{#scite:Barseghyan (2015)
 |type=book
 |author=Barseghyan, Hakob
 |title=The Laws of Scientific Change
 |year=2015
 |publisher=Springer
 |isbn=978-3319175959
}}

Such {{#scite}} entries must be created for all cited resources. Although, in principle, these bibliographic entries can be inserted anywhere on any page of the wiki, the best practice is to add all {{#scite}} entries the special Bibliography page of this encyclopedia. This helps ensure that:

  • no resource is defined twice in the encyclopedia;
  • authors can easily determine whether a certain resource has been already defined.

To that end, it is instrumental that all {{#scite}} entries be defined in the alphabetical order.

Note: The same resource should only be defined once throughout the encyclopedia. Once defined on any page of the encyclopedia, the resource can be cited throughout the encyclopedia regardless of where it was defined. For instance, the above resource is defined on this page but can be referenced from any page of the encyclopedia as [[CiteRef::Barseghyan (2015)]].

Different types of resources require slightly different templates. At this moment the following templates are in use:

  • For books
  • For journal articles
  • For articles in collections


Books

All books must use the above template.

Journal Articles

Here is a {{#scite}} template for journal articles:2

{{#scite:Laudan (1989)
 |type=journal
 |author=Laudan, Larry
 |title=If It Ain't Broke Don't Fix It
 |journal=The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science
 |volume=40 
 |year=1989
 |pages=369-375
}}

Articles in Collections

For articles in collections, please use the following format:3

{{#scite:Shapere (1980)
 |type=collection
 |author=Shapere, Dudley
 |title=The Character of Scientific Change
 |year=1980
 |collectioneditor=Nickles
 |collectionyear=1980
 |pages=61-116
}}

Online Resources

For online resources, please choose one of the above templates and add a |url= parameter to indicate the url of the resource. For instance, an article in The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy will go under the |type=collection:4

{{#scite:Bird (2013)
 |type=collection
 |author=Bird, Alexander
 |title=Thomas Kuhn
 |year=2013
 |collectioneditor=Zalta
 |collectionyear=2013
 |url=http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2013/entries/thomas-kuhn/
}}

If the online resource is a magazine or an article, it will go under |type=journal:5

{{#scite:Allain (2016)
 |type=journal
 |author=Allain, Rhett
 |title=Using Gravitational Waves to Pinpoint Colliding Black Holes
 |journal=Wired
 |year=2016
 |url=http://www.wired.com/2016/02/using-gravitational-waves-to-pinpoint-colliding-black-holes/
}}

Indicating the Page Number

To indicate a specific page of the citation, please add |p. <pagenumber> to the [[CiteRef...]] annotation. For example, [[CiteRef::Barseghyan (2015)|p. xii]] will produce this result:1p. xii.

For references to multiple pages, please use |pp. instead of |p., e.g. [[CiteRef::Barseghyan (2015)|pp. 1-3]]:1pp. 1-3

Note Note: There should be no space between | and p., but there must be a space before the page number. Thus, [[CiteRef::Barseghyan (2015)| p.xii]] is incorrect, while [[CiteRef::Barseghyan (2015)|p. xii]] is correct.

Multiple Authors

If a resource has more than one author, instead of |author= parameter use |authors= (plural) parameter:6

{{#scite:Nola and Sankey (Eds.) (2015)
 |type=book
 |authors=Nola, Robert and Sankey, Howard (Eds.)
 |title=After Popper, Kuhn and Feyerabend. Recent Issues in Theories of Scientific Method
 |year=200
 |publisher=Kluwer
 |isbn=978-1844650859
}}

Similarly, if a collection has several editors, please use |collectioneditors= parameter instead of |collectioneditor= parameter:7

{{#scite:Kuhn (1970a)
 |type=collection
 |author=Kuhn, Thomas
 |title=Reflections on My Critics
 |year=1970
 |collectioneditors=Lakatos and Musgrave
 |collectionyear=1970
 |pages=231-278
}}

This is important, as this tells the system to use (eds.) instead of (ed.).

Multiple Resources

If two or more resources need to be cited at the same time, please insert as many [[CiteRef...]] references as necessary separated by a space.7 4

Some text citing 2 resources.[[CiteRef::Kuhn (1970a)]] [[CiteRef::Bird (2013)]]

References Section

The encyclopedia will automatically add References section to the bottom of the page. If the position of this section needs to be changed, insert {{#referencelist:}} at the desired location. In most cases, References should be the last section on the page. That is the default behavior if no {{#referencelist:}} is inserted on the page. So please do not insert any {{#referencelist:}} unless you absolutely need to move the References section from its default location at the bottom of the page.

Common Errors

Multiple Definitions

Each resource must be defined precisely once throughout the whole encyclopedia. Defining the same resource more than once can lead to unwanted consequences. To avoid that, please make sure that the resource you are about to define as an {{#scite}} entry doesn't exist.

wRong cAse

Note Note: The [[CiteRef...]] tag is Case Sensitive. Thus, [[Citeref...]] tag won't work. Similarly, [[CiteRef::barseghyan (2015)]] won't work.

Beware of Spaces

Note Note: There is no space after ::. Thus, [[CiteRef:: Bird (2013)]] is invalid. The valid markup is [[CiteRef::Bird (2013)]].

#scite could not render a citation text for reference "Laudan (1989)" because type "journal" was not assigned to a template.
#scite could not render a citation text for reference "Allain (2016)" because type "journal" was not assigned to a template.

References

  1. a b c d e f  Barseghyan, Hakob. (2015) The Laws of Scientific Change. Springer.
  2. ^  Kuhn, Thomas. (1970) Reflections on My Critics. In Lakatos and Musgrave (Eds.) (1970), 231-278.
  3. a b c Bird (2013) 
  4. ^ barseghyan (2015)