Difference between revisions of "Guidelines:Citations"

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<blockquote>There is good reason to believe that a general TSC is not only theoretically possible, but also practically achievable. Indeed, no serious scientist would ever take initial failures in finding regularities as a reason for despair. Physicists, for instance, do not stop searching for general laws when their initial attempts fail to produce the desired results. Likewise, no level of complexity or apparent disunity of historical episodes can justify the particularist abolition of the idea of a general TSC.[[CiteRef::Barseghyan (2015)]]</blockquote>   
 
<blockquote>There is good reason to believe that a general TSC is not only theoretically possible, but also practically achievable. Indeed, no serious scientist would ever take initial failures in finding regularities as a reason for despair. Physicists, for instance, do not stop searching for general laws when their initial attempts fail to produce the desired results. Likewise, no level of complexity or apparent disunity of historical episodes can justify the particularist abolition of the idea of a general TSC.[[CiteRef::Barseghyan (2015)]]</blockquote>   
  
To make this work, the resource - in this case <code><nowiki>Barseghyan (2015)</nowiki></code> - should be properly defined using <code><nowiki>{{#scite}}</nowiki></code> template:  
+
To make this work, the resource - in this case <code><nowiki>Barseghyan (2015)</nowiki></code> - should be previously added to [[:Category:Bibliographic Record|the bibliographic records]] of this encyclopedia. Once a bibliographic record is created, it can then be cited from any page of the encyclopedia.
  
<syntaxhighlight lang="html4strict">
+
== Articles in Collections ==
{{#scite:Barseghyan (2015)
+
To add an article that was published in a collection, the collection itself should first be added to the system. There are two basic types of collections:
|type=book
+
* collections of articles by ''different'' authors;
|author=Barseghyan, Hakob
+
* collections of articles by ''the same'' author.
|title=The Laws of Scientific Change
 
|year=2015
 
|publisher=Springer
 
|isbn=9783319175959
 
}}
 
</syntaxhighlight>
 
 
 
Such <code><nowiki>{{#scite}}</nowiki></code> entries must be created for all cited resources. Although, in principle, these bibliographic entries can be inserted anywhere on any page of the wiki, the best practice is to add all <code><nowiki>{{#scite}}</nowiki></code> entries on the special [[Bibliography]] page of this encyclopedia. This helps ensure that:
 
* '''no resource is defined twice''' in the encyclopedia;
 
* authors can easily '''determine whether a certain resource has been already defined''';
 
* '''individual articles are nice and clean''' and are not crammed with bibliographic data.
 
To that end, it is instrumental that all <code><nowiki>{{#scite}}</nowiki></code> entries be defined on the [[Bibliography]] page in the alphabetical order.
 
 
 
Different types of resources require slightly different templates. At this moment the following templates are in use:
 
* For books
 
* For journal articles
 
* For articles in collections
 
 
 
 
 
== Books ==
 
All books must use the above template.
 
  
== Journal Articles ==
+
If an article is in a collection of articles by ''different'' authors, the collection's citation key should include <code><nowiki>(Ed.)</nowiki></code> if it has one editor, or <code><nowiki>(Eds.)</nowiki></code> if it has more than one editor. E.g.:
Here is a <code><nowiki>{{#scite}}</nowiki></code> template for journal articles:[[CiteRef::Laudan (1989)]]
 
  
<syntaxhighlight lang="html4strict">
+
<code><nowiki>Zalta (Ed.) (2016)</nowiki></code>[[Zalta (Ed.) (2016)]]
{{#scite:Laudan (1989)
 
|type=journal
 
|author=Laudan, Larry
 
|title=If It Ain't Broke Don't Fix It
 
|journal=The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science
 
|volume=40
 
|year=1989
 
|pages=369-375
 
}}
 
</syntaxhighlight>
 
  
== Articles in Collections ==
+
<code><nowiki>Lakatos and Musgrave (Eds.) (1970)</nowiki></code>[[Lakatos and Musgrave (Eds.) (1970)]]
There are two basic types of collections:
 
*collections of articles by different authors;
 
*collections of articles by the same author.
 
  
If an article is in a collection of articles by different authors, then the editor(s) of the <code><nowiki>|collectionyear=</nowiki></code>, <code><nowiki>|collectiontitle=</nowiki></code> and <code><nowiki>|collectioneditor=</nowiki></code> parameters should also be specified. Here is the format:[[CiteRef::Shapere (1980)]]
+
However, if an article is in a collection of papers by the same author, we don't add <code><nowiki>(Ed.)</nowiki></code> and register that collection as a book, thus:
  
<syntaxhighlight lang="html4strict">
+
<code>Lakatos (1970)</nowiki></code>[[CiteRef::Lakatos (1970)]]
{{#scite:Shapere (1980)
 
|type=collection
 
|author=Shapere, Dudley
 
|title=The Character of Scientific Change
 
|year=1980
 
|collectioneditor=Nickles
 
|collectionyear=1980
 
|collectiontitle=Scientific Discovery, Logic and Rationality
 
|pages=61-116
 
|publisher=D Reidel Publishing Company
 
|isbn=9789027710697
 
}}
 
</syntaxhighlight>
 
 
 
However, if an article is in a collection of the author's papers, we don't indicate the editors but indicate the collection author through the <code><nowiki>|collectionauthor</nowiki></code> parameter, thus:[[CiteRef::Lakatos (1970)]]
 
 
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="html4strict">
 
{{#scite:Lakatos (1970)
 
|type=collection
 
|author=Lakatos, Imre
 
|title=Falsification and the Methodology of Scientific Research Programmes
 
|year=1970
 
|collectionauthor=Lakatos
 
|collectionyear=1978
 
|collectiontitle=Philosophical Papers, Volume I
 
|pages=8-101
 
|publisher=Cambridge University Press
 
|isbn=9780521280310
 
}}
 
</syntaxhighlight>
 
  
 
== Online Resources ==
 
== Online Resources ==
For online resources, please choose one of the above templates and add a <code><nowiki> |url=</nowiki></code> parameter to indicate the url of the resource. For instance, an article in ''The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy'' will go under the <code><nowiki> |type=collection</nowiki></code>:[[CiteRef::Bird (2011)]]
+
To indicate that a resource is available online, simply add its URL in the respective field. No additional actions are required.  
 
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="html4strict">
 
{{#scite:Bird (2011)
 
|type=collection
 
|author=Bird, Alexander
 
|title=Thomas Kuhn
 
|year=2011
 
|collectioneditor=Zalta
 
|collectionyear=2016
 
|url=http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2016/entries/thomas-kuhn/
 
}}
 
</syntaxhighlight>
 
  
If the online resource is a magazine or an article, it will go under <code><nowiki> |type=journal</nowiki></code>:[[CiteRef::Allain (2016)]]
+
== Page Numbers ==
 
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="html4strict">
 
{{#scite:Allain (2016)
 
|type=journal
 
|author=Allain, Rhett
 
|title=Using Gravitational Waves to Pinpoint Colliding Black Holes
 
|journal=Wired
 
|year=2016
 
|url=http://www.wired.com/2016/02/using-gravitational-waves-to-pinpoint-colliding-black-holes/
 
}}
 
</syntaxhighlight>
 
 
 
== Indicating the Page Number ==
 
 
To indicate a specific page of the citation, please add <code><nowiki>|p. <pagenumber></nowiki></code> to the <code><nowiki>[[CiteRef...]]</nowiki></code> annotation. For example, <code><nowiki>[[CiteRef::Barseghyan (2015)|p. xii]]</nowiki></code> will produce this result:[[CiteRef::Barseghyan (2015)|p. xii]].
 
To indicate a specific page of the citation, please add <code><nowiki>|p. <pagenumber></nowiki></code> to the <code><nowiki>[[CiteRef...]]</nowiki></code> annotation. For example, <code><nowiki>[[CiteRef::Barseghyan (2015)|p. xii]]</nowiki></code> will produce this result:[[CiteRef::Barseghyan (2015)|p. xii]].
  
Line 121: Line 31:
  
 
== Multiple Authors ==
 
== Multiple Authors ==
If a resource has more than one author, instead of <code><nowiki>|author=</nowiki></code> parameter use
+
If a resource has more than one author, please make sure that each author is added to the system individually and all authors are indicated when defining the resource. If a resource has up to three authors, all of them will be openly listed. E.g.:
<code><nowiki>|authors=</nowiki></code> (plural) parameter:[[CiteRef::Nola and Sankey (Eds.) (2015)]]
 
 
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="html4strict">
 
{{#scite:Nola and Sankey (Eds.) (2015)
 
|type=book
 
|authors=Nola, Robert and Sankey, Howard (Eds.)
 
|title=After Popper, Kuhn and Feyerabend. Recent Issues in Theories of Scientific Method
 
|year=200
 
|publisher=Kluwer
 
|isbn=978-1844650859
 
}}
 
</syntaxhighlight>
 
  
Similarly, if a collection has several editors, please use <code><nowiki>|collectioneditors=</nowiki></code> parameter instead of <code><nowiki>|collectioneditor=</nowiki></code> parameter:[[CiteRef::Kuhn (1970a)]]  
+
<code><nowiki>Nola and Sankey (Eds.) (2015)</nowiki></code>[[CiteRef::Nola and Sankey (Eds.) (2015)]]
  
<syntaxhighlight lang="html4strict">
+
If a resource has more than three authors, please use <code><nowiki>et al.</nowiki></code> in the citation key of the resource.  
{{#scite:Kuhn (1970a)
 
|type=collection
 
|author=Kuhn, Thomas
 
|title=Reflections on My Critics
 
|year=1970
 
|collectioneditors=Lakatos and Musgrave
 
|collectionyear=1970
 
|pages=231-278
 
}}
 
</syntaxhighlight>
 
 
 
This is important, as this tells the system to use <code><nowiki>(eds.)</nowiki></code> instead of <code><nowiki>(ed.)</nowiki></code>.
 
  
 
== Multiple Resources ==
 
== Multiple Resources ==
If two or more resources need to be cited at the same time, please insert as many <code><nowiki>[[CiteRef...]]</nowiki></code> references as necessary separated by a ''space''.[[CiteRef::Kuhn (1970a)]] [[CiteRef::Bird (2011)]]
+
If two or more resources need to be cited at the same time, please insert as many <code><nowiki>[[CiteRef...]]</nowiki></code> references as necessary, without separating them by spaces or commas.[[CiteRef::Kuhn (1970a)]][[CiteRef::Bird (2011)]]
  
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="html4strict">
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="html4strict">
Some text citing 2 resources.[[CiteRef::Kuhn (1970a)]] [[CiteRef::Bird (2011)]]  
+
Some text citing 2 resources.[[CiteRef::Kuhn (1970a)]][[CiteRef::Bird (2011)]]  
 
</syntaxhighlight>
 
</syntaxhighlight>
  
 
== References Section ==
 
== References Section ==
The encyclopedia will automatically add '''References''' section to the bottom of the page. If the position of this section needs to be changed, insert <code><nowiki>{{#referencelist:}}</nowiki></code> at the desired location.
+
The encyclopedia will automatically add '''References''' section to the bottom of each page. No additional action is required.  
In most cases, '''References''' should be the last section on the page. That is the default behavior if no <code><nowiki>{{#referencelist:}}</nowiki></code> is inserted on the page. So please '''do not insert''' any  <code><nowiki>{{#referencelist:}}</nowiki></code> unless you absolutely need to move the '''References''' section from its default location at the bottom of the page.
 
  
 
== Common Errors ==
 
== Common Errors ==
 
=== Multiple Definitions ===
 
=== Multiple Definitions ===
Each resource must be defined precisely once throughout the whole encyclopedia. Defining the same resource more than once can lead to unwanted consequences. To avoid that, please make sure that the resource you are about to define as an <code><nowiki>{{#scite}}</nowiki></code> entry doesn't exist.  
+
Each resource must be defined precisely once throughout the whole encyclopedia. Defining the same resource more than once can lead to unwanted consequences. To avoid that, please make sure that the resource you are about to define doesn't exist.  
  
 
=== wRong cAse ===
 
=== wRong cAse ===

Revision as of 22:23, 1 September 2016

To add a reference, please make use of [[CiteRef::Barseghyan (2015)]] style annotations. Here is an example:

There is good reason to believe that a general TSC is not only theoretically possible, but also practically achievable. Indeed, no serious scientist would ever take initial failures in finding regularities as a reason for despair. Physicists, for instance, do not stop searching for general laws when their initial attempts fail to produce the desired results. Likewise, no level of complexity or apparent disunity of historical episodes can justify the particularist abolition of the idea of a general TSC.1

To make this work, the resource - in this case Barseghyan (2015) - should be previously added to the bibliographic records of this encyclopedia. Once a bibliographic record is created, it can then be cited from any page of the encyclopedia.

Articles in Collections

To add an article that was published in a collection, the collection itself should first be added to the system. There are two basic types of collections:

  • collections of articles by different authors;
  • collections of articles by the same author.

If an article is in a collection of articles by different authors, the collection's citation key should include (Ed.) if it has one editor, or (Eds.) if it has more than one editor. E.g.:

Zalta (Ed.) (2016)Zalta (Ed.) (2016)

Lakatos and Musgrave (Eds.) (1970)Lakatos and Musgrave (Eds.) (1970)

However, if an article is in a collection of papers by the same author, we don't add (Ed.) and register that collection as a book, thus:

Lakatos (1970)</nowiki>2

Online Resources

To indicate that a resource is available online, simply add its URL in the respective field. No additional actions are required.

Page Numbers

To indicate a specific page of the citation, please add |p. <pagenumber> to the [[CiteRef...]] annotation. For example, [[CiteRef::Barseghyan (2015)|p. xii]] will produce this result:1p. xii.

For references to multiple pages, please use |pp. instead of |p., e.g. [[CiteRef::Barseghyan (2015)|pp. 1-3]]:1pp. 1-3

Note Note: There should be no space between | and p., but there must be a space before the page number. Thus, [[CiteRef::Barseghyan (2015)| p.xii]] is incorrect, while [[CiteRef::Barseghyan (2015)|p. xii]] is correct.

Multiple Authors

If a resource has more than one author, please make sure that each author is added to the system individually and all authors are indicated when defining the resource. If a resource has up to three authors, all of them will be openly listed. E.g.:

Nola and Sankey (Eds.) (2015)3

If a resource has more than three authors, please use et al. in the citation key of the resource.

Multiple Resources

If two or more resources need to be cited at the same time, please insert as many [[CiteRef...]] references as necessary, without separating them by spaces or commas.45

Some text citing 2 resources.[[CiteRef::Kuhn (1970a)]][[CiteRef::Bird (2011)]]

References Section

The encyclopedia will automatically add References section to the bottom of each page. No additional action is required.

Common Errors

Multiple Definitions

Each resource must be defined precisely once throughout the whole encyclopedia. Defining the same resource more than once can lead to unwanted consequences. To avoid that, please make sure that the resource you are about to define doesn't exist.

wRong cAse

Note Note: The [[CiteRef...]] tag is Case Sensitive. Thus, [[Citeref...]] tag won't work. Similarly, [[CiteRef::barseghyan (2015)]] won't work.

Beware of Spaces

Note Note: There is no space after ::. Thus, [[CiteRef:: Bird (2011)]] is invalid. The valid markup is [[CiteRef::Bird (2011)]].

References

  1. a b c d e  Barseghyan, Hakob. (2015) The Laws of Scientific Change. Springer.
  2. ^  Kuhn, Thomas. (1970) Reflections on My Critics. In Lakatos and Musgrave (Eds.) (1970), 231-278.
  3. a b c  Bird, Alexander. (2011) Thomas Kuhn. In Zalta (Ed.) (2016). Retrieved from http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2016/entries/thomas-kuhn/.
  4. ^ barseghyan (2015)