Rudolf Carnap

Rudolf Carnap (18 May 1891 – 14 September 1970) was a German-born philosopher of science and logician. He was a prominent member of the Vienna Circle and a proponent of logical positivism. Rudolf Carnap (18 May 1891 – 14 September 1970) was a German-born philosopher of science and logician. He was a prominent member of the Vienna Circle and a proponent of logical positivism.1 Logical positivism was an attempt to revive empiricism. It posited that empirical knowledge is structured by analytic statements of mathematics and logic.2

Carnap was a highly prolific writer that published numerous works on philosophy of science and semantic logic, including 12 books translated or published in the English language. As a fruitful philosopher, Carnap’s views have evolved and changed throughout his career. In fact, many of the arguments presented in his contributions (link to major contributions) to philosophy of science do not reflect Carnap’s final opinions on the matter. In some instances, the change in point of view, or interpretation, will be provided in Carnap’s response to criticism (link to criticism).

Publications

Here are the works of Carnap included in the bibliographic records of this encyclopedia:

• Carnap (2017a): Carnap, Rudolf. (2017) Introduction to Semantics and Formalization of Logic. Harvard University Press.
• Carnap (2017b): Carnap, Rudolf. (2017) Value Concepts (1958). Synthese 194 (1), 185-194.
• Carnap (2012): Carnap, Rudolf. (2012) The Unity of Science. Routledge.
• Carnap (2011a): Carnap, Rudolf. (2011) Introduction to Symbolic Logic and Its Applications. Dover Publications.
• Carnap (2011b): Carnap, Rudolf. (2011) The Unity of Science. Routledge.
• Carnap (2010): Carnap, Rudolf. (2010) Logical Syntax of Language (The International Library of Philosophy: Philosophy of Mind and Language). Routledge Kegan & Paul.
• Carnap (2008): Carnap, Rudolf. (2008) Meaning and Necessity: A Study in Semantics and Modal Logic. Clarke Press.
• Carnap (2007): Carnap, Rudolf. (2007) Meaning and Necessity: A Study in Semantics and Modal Logic. Clarke Press.
• Carnap (2006): Carnap, Rudolf. (2006) Introduction to Semantics and Formalization of Logic. Harvard University Press.
• Carnap (2003a): Carnap, Rudolf. (2003) Introduction to Symbolic Logic and Its Applications. Dover Publications.
• Carnap (2003b): Carnap, Rudolf. (2003) The Logical Structure of the World and Pseudoproblems in Philosophy. Open Court.
• Carnap (2002): Carnap, Rudolf. (2002) The Logical Syntax of Language. Open Court.
• Carnap (2001): Carnap, Rudolf. (2001) Logical Syntax of Language. Routledge Kegan & Paul.
• Carnap (1997a): Carnap, Rudolf. (1997) Philosophy and Logical Syntax. Thoemmes Press.
• Carnap (1997b): Carnap, Rudolf. (1997) The Unity of Science. Thoemmes Press.
• Carnap (1995): Carnap, Rudolf. (1995) An Introduction to the Philosophy of Science. Dover Publications.
• Quine, Carnap and Creath (Ed.) (1991): Quine, Willard van Orman; Carnap, Rudolf and Creath, Richard. (1991) Dear Carnap, Dear Van: The Quine-Carnap Correspondence and Related Work. University of California Press.
• Carnap (1991): Carnap, Rudolf. (1991) Logical Foundations of the Unity of Science. In Boyd, Gasper and Trout (Eds.) (1991), 393-404.
• Carnap (1988): Carnap, Rudolf. (1988) Meaning and Necessity: A Study in Semantics and Modal Logic. University of Chicago Press.
• Carnap (1987): Carnap, Rudolf. (1987) On Protocol Sentences. Noûs 21 (4), 457-470.
• Carnap (1984): Carnap, Rudolf. (1984) On the Character of Philosophic Problems. Philosophy of Science 51 (1), 5-19.
• Carnap (1983): Carnap, Rudolf. (1983) The Logical Structure of the World and Pseudoproblems in Philosophy. University of California Press.
• Carnap (1979): Carnap, Rudolf. (1979) Philosophy and Logical Syntax. AMS Press.
• Carnap and Shimony (1977): Carnap, Rudolf and Shimony, Abner. (1977) Two Essays on Entropy. University of California Press.
• Carnap (1975b): Carnap, Rudolf. (1975) Observation Language and Theoretical Language. In Hintikka (Ed.) (1975).
• Carnap (1975a): Carnap, Rudolf. (1975) Introduction to Semantics and Formalization of Logic. Harvard University Press.
• Carnap (1973): Carnap, Rudolf. (1973) Notes on Probability and Induction. Synthese 25 (3/4), 269-298.
• Neurath et al. (1971): Neurath, Otto et al. (1971) Encyclopedia and Unified Science. In Neurath, Carnap and Morris (Eds.) (1971).
• Carnap (1971a): Carnap, Rudolf. (1971) Foundations of Logic and Mathematics. In Neurath, Carnap and Morris (Eds.) (1971).
• Carnap (1971b): Carnap, Rudolf. (1971) The Logical Syntax of Language. Routledge Kegan & Paul.
• Neurath, Carnap and Morris (Eds.) (1955): Neurath, Otto; Carnap, Rudolf and Morris, Charles W. (Eds.). (1971) Foundations of the Unity of Science: Toward an International Encyclopedia of Unified Science. University of Chicago Press.
• Neurath, Carnap and Morris (Eds.) (1971): Neurath, Otto; Carnap, Rudolf and Morris, Charles W. (Eds.). (1971) Foundations of the Unity of Science: Toward an International Encyclopedia of Unified Science. University of Chicago Press.
• Carnap (1970): Carnap, Rudolf. (1970) Empiricism, Semantics, and Ontology. In Linsky (Ed.) (1970), 208-231.
• Linsky (Ed.) (1970): Linsky, Leonard and Carnap, Rudolf. (Eds.). (1970) Semantics and the Philosophy of Language: A Collection of Readings. University of Illinois Press.
• Carnap (1968): Carnap, Rudolf. (1968) Introduction to Semantics and Formalization of Logic. Harvard University Press.
• Carnap (1967a): Carnap, Rudolf. (1967) The Logical Structure of the World and Pseudoproblems in Philosophy. University of California Press.
• Carnap (1967b): Carnap, Rudolf. (1967) The Logical Structure of the World and Pseudoproblems in Philosophy. Routledge & Kegan Paul PLC.
• Carnap (1963b): Carnap, Rudolf. (1963) Replies and Systematic Expositions. In Schilpp (Ed.) (1963), 859-1013.
• Carnap (1963c): Carnap, Rudolf. (1963) Intellectual Autobiography. In Schilpp (Ed.) (1963), 3-86.
• Carnap (1963a): Carnap, Rudolf. (1963) Discussion: Variety, Analogy, and Inductive Logic. Philosophy of Science 30 (3), 222-227.
• Carnap (1962): Carnap, Rudolf. (1962) Logical Foundations of Probability. University of Chicago Press.
• Carnap (1961): Carnap, Rudolf. (1961) Introduction to Semantics and Formalization of Logic. Harvard University Press.
• Carnap (1959b): Carnap, Rudolf. (1959) The Logical Syntax of Language. Littlefield, Adams & Co..
• Carnap (1959a): Carnap, Rudolf. (1959) Introduction to Semantics and Formalization of Logic. Harvard University Press.
• Carnap (1958): Carnap, Rudolf. (1958) Introduction to Symbolic Logic and Its Applications. Dover Publications.
• Carnap (1956b): Carnap, Rudolf. (1956) Meaning and Necessity: A Study in Semantics and Modal Logic. University of Chicago Press.
• Carnap (1956c): Carnap, Rudolf. (1956) Remarks on Popper's Note on Content and Degree of Confirmation. The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 7 (21), 243-244.
• Carnap (1956d): Carnap, Rudolf. (1956) The Methodological Character of Theoretical Concepts. In Feigl, Scriven and Maxwell (Eds.) (1956), 38-75.
• Carnap (1956a): Carnap, Rudolf. (1956) Empiricism, Semantics, and Ontology. University of Chicago Press.
• Neurath et al. (1955): Neurath, Otto et al. (1955) Encyclopedia and Unified Science. In Neurath, Carnap and Morris (Eds.) (1955).
• Carnap (1955a): Carnap, Rudolf. (1955) Foundations of Logic and Mathematics. In Neurath, Carnap and Morris (Eds.) (1955).
• Carnap (1955b): Carnap, Rudolf. (1955) Meaning and Synonymy in Natural Languages. Philosophical Studies: An International Journal for Philosophy in the Analytic Tradition 6 (3), 33-47.
• Carnap (1953b): Carnap, Rudolf. (1953) On the Comparative Concept of Confirmation. The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 3 (12), 311-318.
• Carnap (1953c): Carnap, Rudolf. (1953) Remarks to Kemeny's Paper. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 13 (3), 375-376.
• Carnap (1953d): Carnap, Rudolf. (1953) What Is Probability? Scientific American 189 (3), 128-139.
• Carnap (1953a): Carnap, Rudolf. (1953) Inductive Logic and Science. Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 80 (3), 189-197.
• Carnap (1952a): Carnap, Rudolf. (1952) Empiricism, Semantics, and Ontology. In Linsky (Ed.) (1952), 208-228.
• Carnap (1952b): Carnap, Rudolf. (1952) Meaning Postulates. Philosophical Studies: An International Journal for Philosophy in the Analytic Tradition 3 (5), 65-73.
• Carnap (1952c): Carnap, Rudolf. (1952) The Continuum of Inductive Methods. University of Chicago Press.
• Linsky (Ed.) (1952): Linsky, Leonard and Carnap, Rudolf. (Eds.). (1952) Semantics and the Philosophy of Language: A Collection of Readings. University of Illinois Press.
• Carnap (1951b): Carnap, Rudolf. (1951) The Logical Syntax of Language. The Humanities Press.
• Carnap (1951c): Carnap, Rudolf. (1951) The Nature and Application of Inductive Logic: Consisting of six sections from Logical Foundations of Probability. University of Chicago Press.
• Carnap (1951d): Carnap, Rudolf. (1951) University of Chicago Press. Philosophical Studies: An International Journal for Philosophy in the Analytic Tradition 2 (5), 75-80.
• Carnap (1951a): Carnap, Rudolf. (1951) On Some Concepts of Pragmatics. Philosophical Studies: An International Journal for Philosophy in the Analytic Tradition 6 (6), 89-91.
• Carnap (1950a): Carnap, Rudolf. (1950) Empiricism, Semantics, and Ontology. Revue Internationale de Philosophie 4 (11), 20-40.
• Carnap (1950b): Carnap, Rudolf. (1950) Logical Foundations of Probability. Routledge Kegan & Paul.
• Carnap (1950c): Carnap, Rudolf. (1950) Rejoinder to Linsky. Philosophical Studies: An International Journal for Philosophy in the Analytic Tradition 1 (6), 83.
• Carnap (1949): Carnap, Rudolf. (1949) A Reply to Leonard Linsky. Philosophy of Science 16 (4), 347-350.
• Carnap (1948a): Carnap, Rudolf. (1948) Introduction to Semantics. Harvard University Press.
• Carnap (1948b): Carnap, Rudolf. (1948) Probability as a Guide in Life. ETC: A Review of General Semantics 5 (4), 263-267.
• Carnap (1948c): Carnap, Rudolf. (1948) Reply to Nelson Goodman. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 8 (3), 461-462.
• Carnap (1948d): Carnap, Rudolf. (1948) Rudolf Carnap's Analysis of `Truth': Reply. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 9 (2), 300-304.
• Carnap (1947a): Carnap, Rudolf. (1947) Formalization of Logic. Harvard University Press.
• Carnap (1947b): Carnap, Rudolf. (1947) On the Application of Inductive Logic. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 8 (1), 133-148.
• Carnap (1946d): Carnap, Rudolf. (1946) Rejoinder to Mr. Kaufmann's Reply. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 6 (4), 609-611.
• Carnap (1946e): Carnap, Rudolf. (1946) Remarks on Induction and Truth. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 6 (4), 590-602.
• Carnap (1946a): Carnap, Rudolf. (1946) Formalization of Logic. Harvard University Press.
• Carnap (1946f): Carnap, Rudolf. (1946) Theory and Prediction in Science. Science 104 (2710), 520-521.
• Carnap (1946b): Carnap, Rudolf. (1946) Introduction to Semantics. Harvard University Press.
• Carnap (1946c): Carnap, Rudolf. (1946) Modalities and Quantification. The Journal of Symbolic Logic 11 (2), 33-64.
• Carnap (1945c): Carnap, Rudolf. (1945) The Two Concepts of Probability: The Problem of Probability. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 5 (4), 513-532.
• Carnap (1945a): Carnap, Rudolf. (1945) Hall and Bergmann on Semantics. Mind 54 (214), 148-155.
• Carnap (1945b): Carnap, Rudolf. (1945) On Inductive Logic. Philosophy of Science 12 (2), 72-97.
• Carnap (1942): Carnap, Rudolf. (1942) Introduction to Semantics. Harvard University Press.
• Carnap (1941): Carnap, Rudolf. (1941) Studies in Semantics: Introduction to Semantics and Formalization of Logic. Oxford University Press.
• Carnap and Bar-Hillel (1938): Carnap, Rudolf and Bar-Hillel, Yehoshua. (1938) Semantic Information. The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 4 (14), 147-157.
• Carnap (1938): Carnap, Rudolf. (1938) Empiricism and the Language of Science. Synthese 3 (12), 33-35.
• Carnap et al. (1937): Carnap, Rudolf et al. (1937) International Encyclopedia of Unified Science. Science 86 (2235), 400-401.
• Carnap (1937b): Carnap, Rudolf. (1937) Testability and Meaning – Continued. Philosophy of Science 4 (1), 1-40.
• Carnap (1937c): Carnap, Rudolf. (1937) The Logical Syntax of Language. Routledge Kegan & Paul.
• Carnap (1937a): Carnap, Rudolf. (1937) Foundations of Logic and Mathematics. University of Chicago Press.
• Carnap (1936): Carnap, Rudolf. (1936) Testability and Meaning. Philosophy of Science 3 (4), 419-471.
• Carnap (1935): Carnap, Rudolf. (1935) Philosophy and Logical Syntax. K. Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co..
• Carnap (1934a): Carnap, Rudolf. (1934) Meaning, Assertion and Proposal. Philosophy of Science 1 (3), 359-360.
• Carnap (1934b): Carnap, Rudolf. (1934) The Unity of Science. K. Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co..

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