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• Community (Overgaard-2017)  + (A [[Group|group]] that has a collective intentionality.)

• Static Procedural Methods theorem (Barseghyan-2015)  + (A [[Procedural Method|procedural method]] … A [[Procedural Method|procedural method]] is a method which doesn't presuppose any contingent propositions; it can only presuppose necessary truths such as those of mathematics or logic. Given the nature of necessary truths, it is impossible for one such truth to contradict another necessary truth since it must be true in all possible worlds. Therefore, it follows from the '''Method Rejection''' theorem that, since there can be no elements at odds with a necessary truth, any procedural method is, in principle, static.rocedural method is, in principle, static.)
• Subquestion (Patton-Al-Zayadi-2021)  + (A [[Question| question]] … A [[Question| question]] is a topic of inquiry. Rawleigh (2018) Questions can constitute hierarchies where more specific questions are subquestions of broader questions. For example, 'Was Peter the Great an emperor of Russia?' is a subquestion of 'Who were the emperors of Russia?' since by answering the former, we are also providing a partial answer to the latter. The latter is, in turn, a subquestion of the broader question 'Who were the rulers of European countries?'. Patton and Al-Zayadi (2021) A partial answer to a question is a complete, or direct, answer to one of its subquestions.Beck and Sharvit (2002)Sharvit and Beck (2001)Eckardt (2007)2002)Sharvit and Beck (2001)Eckardt (2007))
• Core Theory (Patton-Al-Zayadi-2021)  + (A core theory of a [[Discipline| discipline]] … A core theory of a [[Discipline| discipline]] is a [[Theory| theory]] presupposed by the discipline's [[Core Question| core questions]].Patton and Al-Zayadi (2021) The [[Scientific Mosaic| scientific mosaic]] consists of [[Theory| theories]] and [[Question| questions]].Barseghyan (2015)Barseghyan (2018)Rawleigh (2018)Sebastien (2016) Questions constitute hierarchies where more specific questions are [[Subquestion| subquestions]] of broader questions. Within this hierarchy, certain general questions play a special role as core questions. These questions are essential to a discipline, and have the power to identify it and determine its boundaries. For example, a core question of evolutionary biology would be 'how did living species originate as a result of evolution?'. Questions always presuppose theories, which endow them with semantic content. Those presupposed by a discipline's core questions, are that discipline's co…questions, are that discipline's co…)
• Discipline (Patton-Al-Zayadi-2021)  + (A discipline ''A'' is characterized by a n … A discipline ''A'' is characterized by a non-empty set of [[Core Question| core questions]] ''Q_CA'' and a [[Delineating Theory| delineating theory]] stating that ''Q_CA'' are the core questions of the discipline.Patton and Al-Zayadi (2021)e the core questions of the discipline.Patton and Al-Zayadi (2021))
• Employed Method (Barseghyan-2015)  + (A method is said to be ''employed'' at tim … A method is said to be ''employed'' at time ''t'' if, at time ''t,'' theories became accepted only when their acceptance is permitted by the method. p. 53 ''The second law'' of theory acceptance is a direct consequence of ''employed method'' as it is defined.e of ''employed method'' as it is defined.)
• Methodology Can Shape Method theorem (Barseghyan-2015)  + (A methodology can affect an employed metho … A methodology can affect an employed method when it implements one or more abstract requirements of another employed method. Thus, the role normative methodology plays in the process of scientific change is a creative role, in which methods are changed through the implementation of other abstract requirements from some other employed method.uirements from some other employed method.)
• Subdiscipline (Patton-Al-Zayadi-2021)  + (A more specialized [[Discipline| discipline]] … A more specialized [[Discipline| discipline]] ''A'' is a subdiscipline of another, more general discipline ''B'', if and only if the set of [[Question| questions]] ''Q_A'' of ''A'' is a proper subset of the questions ''Q_B''of ''B'' Patton and Al-Zayadi (2021). For example, cellular neurobiology, the discipline which deals with the cellular properties of nerve cells, is a subdiscipline of neuroscience, which deals with the properties and functions of nervous systems. which deals with the properties and functions of nervous systems.)
• Epistemic Tool (Patton-2019)  + (A physical object or system is an epistemi … A physical object or system is an epistemic tool for an [[Epistemic Agent|epistemic agent]] ''iff'' there is a procedure by which the tool can provide an acceptable source of knowledge for answering some [[Question|question]] under the employed [[Method|method]] of that agent. Examples of epistemic tools include rulers, thermometers, the Large Hadron Collider, the Hubble Space Telescope, a written text, a computer, a blackboard and chalk, a crystal ball, etc.blackboard and chalk, a crystal ball, etc.)
• Question Can Have Subquestions (Rawleigh-2018)  + (A question can be a subquestion of another question. A question ''Q'' is a subquestion of another question ''P'', if a direct answer to ''Q'' is also a partial answer to ''P''.)
• Question Is a Subtype of Epistemic Element (Rawleigh-2018)  + (A study of the process of scientific chang … A study of the process of scientific change reveals many cases when a question that was considered legitimate in a certain time-period became illegitimate in another period. For example, the questions such as “what is the weight of phlogiston?” or “why does some matter gain mass as it loses phlogiston?” were accepted as legitimate topics of inquiry for the most part of the 18th century. Yet, once the phlogiston theory was rejected, these questions became illegitimate. Another examples is the question “what is the distance from the earth to the sphere of stars?” that was once considered legitimate by astronomers, but is no longer accepted.p. 4stronomers, but is no longer accepted.p. 4)
• Theory Pursuit (Barseghyan-2015)  + (A theory is said to be pursued if it is co … A theory is said to be pursued if it is considered worthy of further development. pp. 30-42 An example is provided by mid-seventeenth century science. Throughout this period, the Aristotelian natural philosophy, with its geocentric cosmology, four elements, and four causes remained [[Theory Acceptance|accepted]] by the scientific community of Europe as evidenced, for example, by its central place in university curricula. The theories from this period that we are most familiar with from modern popular and professional literature, like Copernicus's heliocentric cosmology, and Galileo's theories of motion, were not accepted, but pursued theories. More generally these included the mechanical natural philosophy championed by a community which included [[Rene Descartes|Descartes]], Huygens, Boyle, and many others, and the magnetical natural philosophy, espoused by Gilbert, Kepler, Stevin, Wilkins and others. In our modern world, the major accepted physical t…orld, the major accepted physical t…)