Test
- A descriptive discipline that attempts to uncover the actual general mechanism of scientific change.
- The subtypes of epistemic agent are epistemic community and individual epistemic agent.
- The subtypes of epistemic element are explicit, implicit, question and theory.
- The subtypes of epistemic stance are compatibility, norm employment, question acceptance, theory acceptance, theory pursuit and theory use.
- An element of the mosaic remains in the mosaic unless replaced by other elements.
- An accepted theory remains accepted unless replaced by other theories.
- An employed method remains employed unless replaced by other methods.
- The stance of compatibility can be taken towards an epistemic element.
- If a theory satisfies the acceptance criteria of the method employed at the time, it becomes accepted into the mosaic; if it does not, it remains unaccepted; if assessment is inconclusive, the theory can be accepted or not accepted.
- A method becomes employed only if it is derivable from a non-empty subset of other elements of the mosaic.
- A norm becomes employed only if it is derivable from a non-empty subset of other elements of the mosaic.
- If a pair of elements satisfies the compatibility criteria employed at the time, it becomes compatible within the mosaic; if it does not, it is deemed incompatible; and if assessment is inconclusive, the pair can become compatible, incompatible, or its status may be unknown.
- A question becomes accepted only if all of its epistemic presuppositions are accepted and it is accepted that the question is answerable.
- A model of all epistemic elements accepted or employed by the epistemic agent.
- A theory becomes rejected only when other theories that are incompatible with the theory become accepted.
- A method ceases to be employed only when other methods that are incompatible with the method become employed.
- A question becomes rejected when other elements that are incompatible with the question become accepted.
- Epistemic agent A is said to engage in a relationship of singular authority delegation over question x iff A delegates authority over question x to exactly one epistemic agent.
- It is implicit in the definition of scientonomy that it should explain changes in the scientific mosaic of accepted theories and employed methods, which are changes at the level of the scientific community. It need not account for changes at the level of the beliefs of individuals.
- There is such a thing as a definition.
- Epistemic agent A is said to be delegating authority over question x to epistemic agent B iff (1) agent A accepts that agent B is an expert on question x and (2) agent A will accept a theory answering question x if agent B says so.
- Scientonomy does not postulate the existence of a universal and unchanging method of science; thus the fact that methods of science are changeable is not detrimental to the prospects of scientonomy.
- Propositional knowledge that has been openly formulated by the agent.
- There is such a thing as theory use.
- A set of criteria for theory evaluation.
- Descriptive Theory is a subtype of Theory, i.e. theory is a supertype of descriptive theory.
- A method becomes rejected only when some of the theories, from which it follows, also become rejected.
- Epistemic agents A and B are said to be in a relationship of one-sided authority delegation iff A delegates authority over question x to B, but B doesn’t delegate any authority to A.
- Pursuit is a distinct epistemic stance that is not reducible to or expressible through acceptance.
- Normative Theory is a subtype of Theory, i.e. theory is a supertype of normative theory.
- The ability of two elements to coexist in the same mosaic.
- The discussions concerning a suggested modification are to be published once a communal verdict is available. The discussions are to be published in the journal as special commentary articles co-authored by all participants of the discussion or in special edited collections.
- The employment of new methods can be but is not necessarily a result of the acceptance of new theories.
- Question Acceptance is a subtype of Epistemic Stance, i.e. epistemic stance is a supertype of question acceptance.
- A discipline is said to be accepted by an epistemic agent if that agent accepts the core questions specified in the discipline’s delineating theory as well as the delineating theory itself.
- The subtypes of theory are definition, descriptive theory and normative theory.
- The law of compatibility suggested by Fraser and Sarwar in 2018 is not tautological.
- Method is a subtype of Normative Theory, i.e. normative theory is a supertype of method.
- A compatibility criterion is always part of some method.
- The theory is deemed to conclusively meet the requirements of the method employed at the time.
- The employed method of theory appraisal of a community at some time is not necessarily indicated by the methodological texts of that time and must be inferred from actual patterns of theory acceptance and other indirect evidence.
- Criteria for determining whether two elements are compatible or incompatible.
- A discipline is characterized by (1) a non-empty set of core questions Q and (2) the delineating theory stating that Q are the core questions of the discipline.
- A statement of the meaning of a term.
- There is such a thing as a theory.
- It is unclear whether or not the requirements of the method employed at the time are met.
- A scientonomic theory ought to distinguish between explicit statements of methodology, and actual employed methods, which may sometimes be implicit. It ought to account for employed methods, whether they correspond with stated methodology, or are purely implicit.
- There is such a thing as a community.
- There is such a thing as a sociocultural factors.
- A theory is said to be used if it is taken as an adequate tool for practical application.
- The stance of norm employment can be taken towards a normative theory.
- The handling of instances of scientific error is consistent with the theory rejection theorem; it involves a replacement of an erroneously accepted theory either with a first- or second-order proposition.
- There is such a thing as an epistemic presupposition.
- Criteria for determining whether a theory is acceptable or unacceptable.
- The possible outcomes of theory assessment are satisfied, not satisfied, and inconclusive.
- Propositional knowledge that hasn’t been openly formulated by the agent.
- The subtypes of method are procedural method and substantive method.
- The level of the beliefs of the individual scientist about the world and the rules she employs in theory assessment.
- There is such a thing as an individual epistemic agent.
- Scientonomy is a descriptive discipline whose main task is to explain the process of changes in the scientific mosaic. It is distinct from normative methodology, whose task is to evaluate and prescribe methods. The findings of scientonomy may be used in such normative evaluations, but scientonomy itself should not be expected to perform any normative functions.
- Epistemic agent A is said to engage in a relationship of multiple authority delegation over question x iff A delegates authority over question x to more than one epistemic agent.
- There is such a thing as an epistemic stance.
- An agent capable of taking epistemic stances towards epistemic elements.
- The commentators of suggested modifications are allowed to suggest reformulations of the original formulations in the comments. By default, the new formulation should bear the original author’s name, unless the author decides to give credit to those who significantly contributed to the new reformulation.
- The failures of past theories of scientific change do not imply the inevitability of future failure or that the enterprise in inherently unsound.
- Individual Epistemic Agent is a subtype of Epistemic Agent, i.e. epistemic agent is a supertype of individual epistemic agent.
- A method which presupposes at least one contingent proposition.
- At any moment of time, the elements of the scientific mosaic are compatible with each other.
- There is such a thing as an epistemic element.
- An acceptance criterion is always part of some method. A compatibility criterion is always part of some method. A demarcation criterion is always part of some method.
- Criteria for determining whether a theory is scientific or unscientific.
- If there were indeed nothing permanent in science, then scientonomy would be impossible, however, scientonomy posits only that there are regularities in the process of scientific change.
- A scientific change where one mosaic transforms into two or more mosaics.
- The subtypes of authority delegation are multiple authority delegation and singular authority delegation.
- A set of propositions that attempts to describe something.
- A question can presuppose theories. A theory is an answer to a question.
- A sub-type of multiple authority delegation where different epistemic agents are delegated different degrees of authority over question x.
- Science can be said to be socially constructed in several different senses (e.g. the contingency, nominalist, and reducibility theses). None of these preclude the possibility of scientonomy.
- Method is a subtype of Normative Theory, i.e. normative theory is a supertype of method.
- Two or more people who share any characteristic.
- Propositional technological knowledge can be accepted and be part of a mosaic.
- Explicit is a subtype of Epistemic Element, i.e. epistemic element is a supertype of explicit.
- A core question of a discipline is a question identified in the discipline’s delineating theory as definitive of the discipline.
- At the level of metatheory, the relevant evidence for assessing a scientonomic theory ought to be the facts relating to the state of the scientific mosaic and its transitions. The complete list of relevant phenomena that ought to be considered can only be identified for a specific scientonomic theory.
- There is such a thing as an epistemic community.
- An acceptance criterion is always part of some method.
- A theory is said to be accepted by an epistemic agent if it is taken as the best available answer to its respective question.
- Theory is a subtype of Epistemic Element, i.e. epistemic element is a supertype of theory.
- Harder's zeroth law is tautological.
- A descriptive discipline that attempts to trace and explain individual changes in the scientific mosaic.
- Norm Employment is a subtype of Epistemic Stance, i.e. epistemic stance is a supertype of norm employment.
- A scientific change where two mosaics turn into one united mosaic.
- The encyclopedia editors should be granted official housekeeping rights to handle the ripple effects. If the additional required changes are implicit in the suggested modification, the editors should create and alter encyclopedia pages to ensure that the accepted body of scientonomic knowledge is properly documented; if it is conceivable to accept the modification without accepting the ripple effect change in question, the editors should register these changes as new suggested modifications so that the community can discuss and evaluate them in an orderly fashion.
- Scientonomic knowledge is best advanced by:
- documenting the body of accepted communal knowledge knowledge in an online encyclopedia;
- scrutinizing this accepted knowledge, identifying its flaws, and formulating open questions at seminars, conferences, publications, and other in-person or online formats;
- publishing journal articles that propose modifications to our current knowledge and documenting these suggestions;
- evaluating the suggested modifications with the goal of reaching a communal consensus and changing the respective encyclopedia pages when a verdict is reached.
- A question can presuppose theories. A theory is an answer to a question.
- A theory is said to be pursued if it is considered worthy of further development.
- There is such a thing as question acceptance.
- Compatibility Criteria both exists and doesn't exist. Situations like this shouldn't happen, unless it is a Schrödinger's cat.
- Non-propositional knowledge, i.e. knowledge that cannot, even in principle, be formulated as a set of propositions.
- Scientonomy should describe and explain how changes in the mosaic of accepted scientific theories and employed methods take place. Any such instance of scientific change is a result of appraisal, which is a decision of the community to accept a proposed modification to the mosaic. Scientonomy must provide an account of this appraisal process. A theory of scientific change is not required to account for the process of theory construction.
- A normative discipline that formulates the rules which ought to be employed in theory assessment.
- Hierarchical Authority Delegation is a subtype of Multiple Authority Delegation, i.e. multiple authority delegation is a supertype of hierarchical authority delegation.
- A topic of inquiry.
- Definition is a subtype of Theory, i.e. theory is a supertype of definition.
- The theory is deemed to conclusively not meet the requirements of the method employed at the time.
- Sociocultural factors can affect the process of theory acceptance insofar as it is permitted by the method employed at the time.
- Implicit is a subtype of Epistemic Element, i.e. epistemic element is a supertype of implicit.
- Any change in the scientific mosaic, i.e. a transition from one accepted theory to another or from one employed method to another.
- The stance of question acceptance can be taken towards a question.
- Scientonomy ought to address the issue of how transitions from one accepted theory to another take place and what logic governs this evolution, and need not deal in questions of theory pursuit or use.
- A community can delegate authority to another community.
- A core theory of a discipline is a theory presupposed by the discipline’s core questions.
- The new third law resolves the paradox of normative propositions by making it clear that employed methods don't necessarily follow from all accepted theories, but only from some.
- There is such a thing as a question.
- There is such a thing as acceptance criteria.
- An epistemic agent is said to commit an error if the agent accepts a theory that should not have been accepted given that agent’s employed method.
- There is such a thing as a logical presupposition.
- If an accepted theory is taken as the final truth, it will always remain accepted; no new theory on the subject can ever be accepted.
- A theory is said to be a logical presupposition of a question, iff the theory is logically entailed by any direct answer to the question.
- A set of propositions.
- There is such a thing as a descriptive theory.
- Not explicit.
- A methodology can shape employed methods, but only if its requirements implement abstract requirements of some other employed method.
- There is such a thing as an epistemic agent.
- A question Q is a subquestion of another question Q’, iff any direct answer to Q is also a partial answer to Q’.
- A question is said to be accepted if it is taken as a legitimate topic of inquiry.
- The stances of theory acceptance, theory pursuit and theory use can be taken towards a theory.
- Barseghyan's original second law is tautological.
- Theory Acceptance is a subtype of Epistemic Stance, i.e. epistemic stance is a supertype of theory acceptance.
- There is such a thing as a demarcation criteria.
- Scientonomy should account for all changes to the scientific mosaic, regardless of which fields of inquiry they concern. Scientonomy should provide explanations of all kinds of changes to the scientific mosaic at all scales from the most minor transitions to the most major. Scientonomy ought to account for all scientific changes for all time periods where a scientific mosaic can be found.
- Epistemic agents A and B are said to be in a relationship of mutual authority delegation iff A delegates authority over question x to B, and B delegates authority over question y to A.
- There is such a thing as theory pursuit.
- A set of propositions that attempts to prescribe something.
- Compatibility is a subtype of Epistemic Stance, i.e. epistemic stance is a supertype of compatibility.
- Scientonomy is possible because the process of scientific change exhibits lawful general regularities.
- A sub-type of multiple authority delegation where different epistemic agents are delegated the same degree of authority over question x.
- Indicators of theory acceptance are textual sources that represent the position of a scientific community regarding a theory at some time. Useful indicators are contextual to time and culture. They might include such things as encyclopedias, textbooks, university curricula, and minutes of association meetings.
- Theory Use is a subtype of Epistemic Stance, i.e. epistemic stance is a supertype of theory use.
- A theory is said to be an epistemic presupposition of a question for some agent, iff the agent accepts that accepting any direct answer to the question will necessitate accepting the theory.
- The goal of peer reviews in the scientonomic workflow is evaluation for pursuitworthiness rather than acceptability.
- In order for the process of scientific change to be possible, the mosaic must necessarily contain at least one employed method.
- There is such a thing as a normative theory.
- A second-order theory identifying the set of core questions of a discipline.
- Epistemic Community is a subtype of Epistemic Agent, i.e. epistemic agent is a supertype of epistemic community.
- The second law suggested by Patton, Overgaard, and Barseghyan in 2017 is not tautological.
- Theory Pursuit is a subtype of Epistemic Stance, i.e. epistemic stance is a supertype of theory pursuit.
- An demarcation criterion is always part of some method.
- A group that does not have a collective intentionality.
- When two mutually incompatible theories satisfy the requirements of the current method, the mosaic necessarily splits in two. When a theory assessment outcome is inconclusive, a mosaic split is possible. When a mosaic split is a result of the acceptance of only one theory, it can only be a result of inconclusive theory assessment.
- The level of the scientific community and its mosaic of accepted theories and employed methods.
- A discipline A is a subdiscipline of another discipline B, iff the set of questions of A, QA, is a proper subset of the questions of B, QB, i.e. QA ⸦ QB.
- A group that has a collective intentionality.
- Question is a subtype of Epistemic Element, i.e. epistemic element is a supertype of question.
- A norm is said to be employed if its requirements constitute the actual expectations of an epistemic agent.
- Transitions from one state of the mosaic to another are not necessarily deterministic. Scientific change is not a strictly deterministic process. The process of method change is not necessarily deterministic: employed methods are by no means the only possible implementations of abstract requirements. The process of theory change is not necessarily deterministic: there may be cases when both a theory's acceptance and its unacceptance are equally possible.
- There is such a thing as theory acceptance.
- A method which doesn't presuppose any contingent propositions.
- An element of the mosaic remains in the mosaic unless replaced by other elements.
- An element of the mosaic remains in the mosaic unless replaced by other elements.
- An element of the mosaic remains in the mosaic unless replaced by other elements.
- An accepted theory remains accepted unless replaced by other theories.
- An accepted theory remains accepted unless replaced by other theories.
- The stance of compatibility can be taken towards an epistemic element.
- The stance of compatibility can be taken towards an epistemic element.
- If a theory satisfies the acceptance criteria of the method employed at the time, it becomes accepted into the mosaic; if it does not, it remains unaccepted; if assessment is inconclusive, the theory can be accepted or not accepted.
- The stance of compatibility can be taken towards an epistemic element.
- If a theory satisfies the acceptance criteria of the method employed at the time, it becomes accepted into the mosaic; if it does not, it remains unaccepted; if assessment is inconclusive, the theory can be accepted or not accepted.
- The stance of compatibility can be taken towards an epistemic element.
- The stance of compatibility can be taken towards an epistemic element.
- The stance of compatibility can be taken towards an epistemic element.
- The stance of compatibility can be taken towards an epistemic element.
- A method becomes employed only when it is deducible from some subset of other employed methods and accepted theories of the time.
- A method becomes employed only when it is deducible from some subset of other employed methods and accepted theories of the time.
- A method becomes employed only when it is deducible from some subset of other employed methods and accepted theories of the time.
- A norm becomes employed only if it is derivable from a non-empty subset of other elements of the mosaic.
- A method becomes employed only when it is deducible from some subset of other employed methods and accepted theories of the time.
- A method becomes employed only when it is deducible from some subset of other employed methods and accepted theories of the time.
- A method becomes employed only when it is deducible from some subset of other employed methods and accepted theories of the time.
- A method becomes employed only when it is deducible from some subset of other employed methods and accepted theories of the time.
- If a pair of elements satisfies the compatibility criteria employed at the time, it becomes compatible within the mosaic; if it does not, it is deemed incompatible; and if assessment is inconclusive, the pair can become compatible, incompatible, or its status may be unknown.
- If a pair of elements satisfies the compatibility criteria employed at the time, it becomes compatible within the mosaic; if it does not, it is deemed incompatible; and if assessment is inconclusive, the pair can become compatible, incompatible, or its status may be unknown.
- A question becomes accepted only if all of its epistemic presuppositions are accepted and it is accepted that the question is answerable.
- A theory becomes rejected only when other theories that are incompatible with the theory become accepted.
- A theory becomes rejected only when other theories that are incompatible with the theory become accepted.
- A theory becomes rejected only when other theories that are incompatible with the theory become accepted.
- A method ceases to be employed only when other methods that are incompatible with the method become employed.
- A method ceases to be employed only when other methods that are incompatible with the method become employed.
- Scientonomic knowledge is best advanced by:
- documenting the body of accepted communal knowledge knowledge in an online encyclopedia;
- scrutinizing this accepted knowledge, identifying its flaws, and formulating open questions at seminars, conferences, publications, and other in-person or online formats;
- publishing journal articles that propose modifications to our current knowledge and documenting these suggestions;
- evaluating the suggested modifications with the goal of reaching a communal consensus and changing the respective encyclopedia pages when a verdict is reached.
- Scientonomy is possible because the process of scientific change exhibits lawful general regularities.
- When two mutually incompatible theories satisfy the requirements of the current method, the mosaic necessarily splits in two. When a theory assessment outcome is inconclusive, a mosaic split is possible. When a mosaic split is a result of the acceptance of only one theory, it can only be a result of inconclusive theory assessment.
- The stance of norm employment can be taken towards a normative theory.
- The possible outcomes of theory assessment are satisfied, not satisfied, and inconclusive.
- Scientonomic knowledge is best advanced by:
- documenting the body of accepted communal knowledge knowledge in an online encyclopedia;
- scrutinizing this accepted knowledge, identifying its flaws, and formulating open questions at seminars, conferences, publications, and other in-person or online formats;
- publishing journal articles that propose modifications to our current knowledge and documenting these suggestions;
- evaluating the suggested modifications with the goal of reaching a communal consensus and changing the respective encyclopedia pages when a verdict is reached.
- The stances of theory acceptance, theory pursuit and theory use can be taken towards a theory.
- Scientonomic knowledge is best advanced by:
- documenting the body of accepted communal knowledge knowledge in an online encyclopedia;
- scrutinizing this accepted knowledge, identifying its flaws, and formulating open questions at seminars, conferences, publications, and other in-person or online formats;
- publishing journal articles that propose modifications to our current knowledge and documenting these suggestions;
- evaluating the suggested modifications with the goal of reaching a communal consensus and changing the respective encyclopedia pages when a verdict is reached.
- The stances of theory acceptance, theory pursuit and theory use can be taken towards a theory.
- Scientonomy is possible because the process of scientific change exhibits lawful general regularities.
- Scientonomic knowledge is best advanced by:
- documenting the body of accepted communal knowledge knowledge in an online encyclopedia;
- scrutinizing this accepted knowledge, identifying its flaws, and formulating open questions at seminars, conferences, publications, and other in-person or online formats;
- publishing journal articles that propose modifications to our current knowledge and documenting these suggestions;
- evaluating the suggested modifications with the goal of reaching a communal consensus and changing the respective encyclopedia pages when a verdict is reached.
- When two mutually incompatible theories satisfy the requirements of the current method, the mosaic necessarily splits in two. When a theory assessment outcome is inconclusive, a mosaic split is possible. When a mosaic split is a result of the acceptance of only one theory, it can only be a result of inconclusive theory assessment.
- The stances of theory acceptance, theory pursuit and theory use can be taken towards a theory.
- Scientonomy is possible because the process of scientific change exhibits lawful general regularities.
- At the level of metatheory, the relevant evidence for assessing a scientonomic theory ought to be the facts relating to the state of the scientific mosaic and its transitions. The complete list of relevant phenomena that ought to be considered can only be identified for a specific scientonomic theory.
- Propositional technological knowledge can be accepted and be part of a mosaic.
- The stances of theory acceptance, theory pursuit and theory use can be taken towards a theory.
- Scientonomy is possible because the process of scientific change exhibits lawful general regularities.
- Scientonomy is possible because the process of scientific change exhibits lawful general regularities.
- Scientonomic knowledge is best advanced by:
- documenting the body of accepted communal knowledge knowledge in an online encyclopedia;
- scrutinizing this accepted knowledge, identifying its flaws, and formulating open questions at seminars, conferences, publications, and other in-person or online formats;
- publishing journal articles that propose modifications to our current knowledge and documenting these suggestions;
- evaluating the suggested modifications with the goal of reaching a communal consensus and changing the respective encyclopedia pages when a verdict is reached.
- A scientonomic theory ought to distinguish between explicit statements of methodology, and actual employed methods, which may sometimes be implicit. It ought to account for employed methods, whether they correspond with stated methodology, or are purely implicit.
- The stances of theory acceptance, theory pursuit and theory use can be taken towards a theory.
- The subtypes of epistemic agent are epistemic community and individual epistemic agent.
- The subtypes of epistemic element are explicit, implicit, question and theory.
- The subtypes of epistemic stance are compatibility, norm employment, question acceptance, theory acceptance, theory pursuit and theory use.
- An element of the mosaic remains in the mosaic unless replaced by other elements.
- An employed method remains employed unless replaced by other methods.
- If a theory satisfies the acceptance criteria of the method employed at the time, it becomes accepted into the mosaic; if it does not, it remains unaccepted; if assessment is inconclusive, the theory can be accepted or not accepted.
- The stance of compatibility can be taken towards an epistemic element.
- A norm becomes employed only if it is derivable from a non-empty subset of other elements of the mosaic.
- If a pair of elements satisfies the compatibility criteria employed at the time, it becomes compatible within the mosaic; if it does not, it is deemed incompatible; and if assessment is inconclusive, the pair can become compatible, incompatible, or its status may be unknown.
- A question becomes accepted only if all of its epistemic presuppositions are accepted and it is accepted that the question is answerable.
- A theory becomes rejected only when other theories that are incompatible with the theory become accepted.
- A method ceases to be employed only when other methods that are incompatible with the method become employed.
- A question becomes rejected when other elements that are incompatible with the question become accepted.
- When two mutually incompatible theories satisfy the requirements of the current method, the mosaic necessarily splits in two. When a theory assessment outcome is inconclusive, a mosaic split is possible. When a mosaic split is a result of the acceptance of only one theory, it can only be a result of inconclusive theory assessment.
- In order for the process of scientific change to be possible, the mosaic must necessarily contain at least one employed method.
- Scientonomy ought to address the issue of how transitions from one accepted theory to another take place and what logic governs this evolution, and need not deal in questions of theory pursuit or use.
- A methodology can shape employed methods, but only if its requirements implement abstract requirements of some other employed method.
- Scientonomy should describe and explain how changes in the mosaic of accepted scientific theories and employed methods take place. Any such instance of scientific change is a result of appraisal, which is a decision of the community to accept a proposed modification to the mosaic. Scientonomy must provide an account of this appraisal process. A theory of scientific change is not required to account for the process of theory construction.
- Sociocultural factors can affect the process of theory acceptance insofar as it is permitted by the method employed at the time.
- A scientonomic theory ought to distinguish between explicit statements of methodology, and actual employed methods, which may sometimes be implicit. It ought to account for employed methods, whether they correspond with stated methodology, or are purely implicit.
- Sociocultural factors can affect the process of theory acceptance insofar as it is permitted by the method employed at the time.
- Scientonomy is a descriptive discipline whose main task is to explain the process of changes in the scientific mosaic. It is distinct from normative methodology, whose task is to evaluate and prescribe methods. The findings of scientonomy may be used in such normative evaluations, but scientonomy itself should not be expected to perform any normative functions.
- In order for the process of scientific change to be possible, the mosaic must necessarily contain at least one employed method.
- It is implicit in the definition of scientonomy that it should explain changes in the scientific mosaic of accepted theories and employed methods, which are changes at the level of the scientific community. It need not account for changes at the level of the beliefs of individuals.
- The possible outcomes of theory assessment are satisfied, not satisfied, and inconclusive.
- Scientonomy should account for all changes to the scientific mosaic, regardless of which fields of inquiry they concern. Scientonomy should provide explanations of all kinds of changes to the scientific mosaic at all scales from the most minor transitions to the most major. Scientonomy ought to account for all scientific changes for all time periods where a scientific mosaic can be found.
- Transitions from one state of the mosaic to another are not necessarily deterministic. Scientific change is not a strictly deterministic process. The process of method change is not necessarily deterministic: employed methods are by no means the only possible implementations of abstract requirements. The process of theory change is not necessarily deterministic: there may be cases when both a theory's acceptance and its unacceptance are equally possible.
- If an accepted theory is taken as the final truth, it will always remain accepted; no new theory on the subject can ever be accepted.
- In order for the process of scientific change to be possible, the mosaic must necessarily contain at least one employed method.
- At the level of metatheory, the relevant evidence for assessing a scientonomic theory ought to be the facts relating to the state of the scientific mosaic and its transitions. The complete list of relevant phenomena that ought to be considered can only be identified for a specific scientonomic theory.
Current answers to Epistemic Stances Towards Theories are: The stances of theory acceptance, theory pursuit and theory use can be taken towards a theory.
Current answers to Epistemic Stances Towards Questions are: The stance of question acceptance can be taken towards a question.
Current answers to Mechanism of Mosaic Split are: When two mutually incompatible theories satisfy the requirements of the current method, the mosaic necessarily splits in two. When a theory assessment outcome is inconclusive, a mosaic split is possible. When a mosaic split is a result of the acceptance of only one theory, it can only be a result of inconclusive theory assessment.
Template:SetTopicHasAcceptedAnswer Temp
In Scientonomy, the accepted answers to the question are The First Law (Barseghyan-2015), The Second Law (Patton-Overgaard-Barseghyan-2017), The Law of Norm Employment (Rawleigh-2022), The Law of Compatibility (Fraser-Sarwar-2018), The Law of Question Acceptance (Barseghyan-Levesley-2021), Theory Rejection theorem (Barseghyan-2015), Method Rejection theorem (Barseghyan-2015), Question Rejection theorem (Barseghyan-Levesley-2021), Necessary Mosaic Split theorem (Barseghyan-2015), Possible Mosaic Split theorem (Barseghyan-2015), Split Due to Inconclusiveness theorem (Barseghyan-2015), Underdetermined Method Change theorem (Barseghyan-2015), Underdetermined Theory Change theorem (Barseghyan-2015), Scientific Underdeterminism theorem (Barseghyan-2015), Methodology Can Shape Method theorem (Barseghyan-2015), Dogmatism No Theory Change theorem (Barseghyan-2015) and Sociocultural Factors in Theory Acceptance theorem (Barseghyan-2015).
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Heritable Questions of Descriptive Theory:
Mechanism of Scientific Inertia for Descriptive Theories
The question has no accepted answer.
Necessary Descriptive Theories
The question has no accepted answer.
Subsumes items of Epistemic Stance: Compatibility, Epistemic Stance, Norm Employment, Question Acceptance, Theory Acceptance, Theory Pursuit, Theory Use
Questions of subsumes items of Epistemic Stance: Mechanism of Norm Employment, Mechanism of Question Acceptance, Mechanism of Theory Acceptance
Children Array: Question, Theory, Explicit and Implicit
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Question, Theory, Explicit, Implicit
Question, Theory, Explicit and Implicit
Subsumes Items of Epistemic Element: Definition, Descriptive Theory, Epistemic Element, Explicit, Implicit, Method, Normative Theory, Question, Theory
Descendant Items of Epistemic Element: Definition, Descriptive Theory, Explicit, Implicit, Method, Normative Theory, Question, Theory
Ancestor Items of Method: Epistemic Element, Normative Theory, Theory
Subsumed Items of Method: Epistemic Element, Method, Normative Theory, Theory
Answers to the subquestions of Epistemic Element:
Epistemic Stances
This a test string that contains all the forms, including lowercase <subject>, <subjects>, and <a subject>, as well as capitalized <Subject>, <Subjects>, and <a Subject>. It does that several times for the sake of testing. Here they are again: <subject>, <subjects>, and <a subject>, as well as capitalized <Subject>, <Subjects>, and <a Subject>.
This a test string that contains all the forms, including lowercase epistemic element, theory, theory acceptance, theory use and some random text, epistemic elements, theories, instances of theory acceptance, instances of theory use and some random texts, and an epistemic element, a theory, theory acceptance, theory use and a some random text, as well as capitalized Epistemic Element, Theory, Theory Acceptance, Theory Use and Some random text, Epistemic Elements, Theories, Instances of Theory Acceptance, Instances of Theory Use and Some random texts, and an Epistemic Element, a Theory, Theory Acceptance, Theory Use and a Some random text. It does that several times for the sake of testing. Here they are again: epistemic element, theory, theory acceptance, theory use and some random text, epistemic elements, theories, instances of theory acceptance, instances of theory use and some random texts, and an epistemic element, a theory, theory acceptance, theory use and a some random text, as well as capitalized Epistemic Element, Theory, Theory Acceptance, Theory Use and Some random text, Epistemic Elements, Theories, Instances of Theory Acceptance, Instances of Theory Use and Some random texts, and an Epistemic Element, a Theory, Theory Acceptance, Theory Use and a Some random text.
Epistemic Stances Towards Epistemic Elements
What epistemic elements can the stance of theory acceptance be taken towards?
Epistemic Stances
varTemp: Some text and some other text.
AnASLow: a method
AnASLow: a some word
AnASLow: an empty word
AnASCap: a Method
AnASCap: a Some word
AnASCap: an Empty word
SCap: Method
SLow: method
PCap: Epsitemic Stances, Methods, Theories, Instances of Theory Acceptance, Some other terms and Random texts
PLow: epistemic elements, methods, theories, instances of theory acceptance, some other terms and random texts
The following subtypes of Epistemic Element are currently accepted in Scientonomy:
- The main subtypes of Epistemic Element are Question and Theory.
- On the basis of explicitness, the subtypes of Epistemic Element are Explicit and Implicit.
The following subtypes of Epistemic Element are currently accepted in Scientonomy. The main subtypes of Epistemic Element are Question and Theory. On the basis of explicitness, the subtypes of Epistemic Element are Explicit and Implicit.
Hello World!
Formulated Year | Authors List | Child | Disjoint Group | Disjoint Group Order | |
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Method Is a Subtype of Epistemic Element (Barseghyan-2015) | 2015 | Hakob Barseghyan | Method | Main | 1 |
Question Is a Subtype of Epistemic Element (Rawleigh-2018) | 2018 | William Rawleigh | Question | Main | 1 |
Theory Is a Subtype of Epistemic Element (Barseghyan-2015) | 2015 | Hakob Barseghyan | Theory | Main | 1 |
Explicit Is a Subtype of Epistemic Element (Mirkin-2018) | 2018 | Maxim Mirkin | Explicit | explicitness | 2 |
Implicit Is a Subtype of Epistemic Element (Mirkin-2018) | 2018 | Maxim Mirkin | Implicit | explicitness | 2 |
Main,explicitness
Question Is a Subtype of Epistemic Element (Rawleigh-2018), Theory Is a Subtype of Epistemic Element (Barseghyan-2015), Explicit Is a Subtype of Epistemic Element (Mirkin-2018) and Implicit Is a Subtype of Epistemic Element (Mirkin-2018)
Compatibility Criteria (Fraser-Sarwar-2018)
There are several options here: One, Two, Three and Four.
There is only one option: One There are no options.
Like demarcation and acceptance criteria, compatibility criteria can be part of an epistemic agent's employed method. An epistemic agent employs these criteria to determine whether two elements (e.g. methods, theories, questions) are mutually compatible or incompatible, i.e. whether they can be simultaneously part of the agent's mosaic. In principle, these criteria can be employed to determine the compatibility of elements present in the mosaic, as well as those outside of it (e.g. scientists often think about whether a proposed theory is compatible with the theories actually accepted at the time). Fraser and Sarwar point out that Barseghyan's original definition of the term "excludes a simple point that is assumed elsewhere in scientonomy: elements other than theories (i.e. methods and questions) may be compatible or incompatible with other elements (which, again, need not be theories)".p. 72 To fix this omission, Fraser and Sarwar "suggest that the word ‘theories’ be changed to ‘elements’ to account for the fact that the compatibility criteria apply to theories, methods, and questions alike".p. 72
Different communities can have different compatibility criteria. While some communities may opt to employ the logical law of noncontradiction as their criterion of compatibility, other communities may be more tolerant towards logical inconsistencies. According to Barseghyan, the fact that these days scientists "often simultaneously accept theories which strictly speaking logically contradict each other is a good indication that the actual criteria of compatibility employed by the scientific community might be quite different from the classical logical law of noncontradiction".p. 11 For example, this is apparent in the case of general relativity vs. quantum physics where both theories are accepted as the best available descriptions of their respective domains (i.e. they are considered compatible), but are known to be in conflict when applied simultaneously to such objects as black holes.
Hello world
This is a definition of Method that states "A set of criteria for theory evaluation."
This is an answer to the question Mechanism of Theory Acceptance that states "In order to become accepted into the mosaic, a theory is assessed by the method actually employed at the time."
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