Community:Scientonomy
This scientonomic community was initially formed at the IHPST, University of Toronto around the time of the publication of Barseghyan's The Laws of Scientific Change with the main goal of establishing a proper science of science, scientonomy. The community publishes the Journal of Scientonomy, edits the Encyclopedia of Scientonomy, runs scientonomic seminars and workshops.
The community was established in 2015.
History
In the years preceding the publication of The Laws of Scientific Change1 (2012-2015), the community would mostly gather during winter seminar sessions.
In 2015, the community has started working on the establishment of a proper science of science, Scientonomy.
To that end, the community launched the first Encyclopedia of Scientonomy early in 2016. The aim of this encyclopedia is to track the current state of our knowledge on the process of scientific change, trace and appraise all the proposed modifications, as well as to list all the open questions.
In September of 2016, the community launched the Journal of Scientonomy which aims at publishing original research in the field and collecting all the proposed modifications.
The community's general annual meeting is usually on the first Friday of the winter semester at the University of Toronto. TODO: embed videos of the 2015 and 2016 meetings.
Road-map
The roadmap of the community includes:
- Organizing annual workshops with the aim of discussing and those proposed modification which didn't yield a common verdict.
- Launching a pilot tree of knowledge project to develop a schema for a historical database, design a respective user interface, as well as to fill that pilot database with some historical data to show how the whole system can actually work.
- A full-fledged tree of knowledge website and a comprehensive historical database that would eventually include the theories and methods of all historical mosaics.
Current Mosaic
Accepted Topics
Definitional Topics
- Definition
- Delineating Theory
- Demarcation Criteria
- Descriptive Theory
- Discipline
- Discipline Acceptance
- Method
- Method Hierarchy
- Methodology
- Model
- Mosaic Merge
- Mosaic Split
- Multiple Authority Delegation
- Mutual Authority Delegation
- Scientific Change
- Scientific Community
- Scientific Mosaic
- Singular Authority Delegation
- Social Level
- Sociocultural Factors
- Subdiscipline
- Subquestion
- Substantive Method
Descriptive Topics
- Applicability of the Laws of Scientific Change
- Application of Scientonomy to Other Fields
- Conclusive Theory Assessment
- Delegation of Authority to Artifacts
- Delegation of Authority to Individuals
- Delegation of Authority to Past Communities
- Deriving Methods from an Empty Set
- Existence of Method Hierarchies
- Hierarchy of Theories
- Mechanism of Error Rejection
- Mechanism of Scientific Change
- Changeability of the Scientific Mosaic
- Determinism vs. Underdeterminism in Scientific Change
- Mechanism of Compatibility
- Mechanism of Discipline Acceptance
- Mechanism of Discipline Rejection
- Mechanism of Mosaic Split
- Mechanism of Norm Employment
- Mechanism of Normative Theory Rejection
- Mechanism of Question Rejection
- Mechanism of Scientific Inertia for Epistemic Elements
- Mechanism of Theory Acceptance
- Mechanism of Theory Pursuit
- Mechanism of Theory Rejection
- Methods Shaping Theory Construction
- Role of Ethics in Scientific Change
- Role of Methodology in Scientific Change
- Role of Non-Social and Environmental Factors in Scientific Change
- Role of Practical Considerations in Scientific Change
- Role of Sociocultural Factors in Scientific Change
- The Status of Holism and Ripple Effect
- Necessary Epistemic Elements
- Normative Effects of Scientonomy
- Possibility of Scientonomy
- Possibility of Scientonomy - Argument from Bad Track Record
- Possibility of Scientonomy - Argument from Changeability of Scientific Method
- Possibility of Scientonomy - Preconditions
- Possibility of Scientonomy - The Argument from Nothing Permanent
- Possibility of Scientonomy - The Argument from Social Construction
- Pursuit and Acceptance
- Pursuit as Acceptance
- Role of Employed Methods in Question Acceptance
- Static vs. Dynamic Methods
- Status of Tacit Theories
- Status of Technological Knowledge
- Tautological Status of Method Rejection theorem (Barseghyan-2015)
- Tautological Status of Norm Rejection theorem (Pandey-2023)
- Tautological Status of Question Rejection theorem (Barseghyan-Levesley-2021)
- Tautological Status of Question Rejection theorem (Barseghyan-Levesley-Pandey-2023)
- Tautological Status of The First Law (Barseghyan-2015)
- Tautological Status of The First Law for Methods (Barseghyan-2015)
- Tautological Status of The First Law for Norms (Barseghyan-Pandey-2023)
- Tautological Status of The First Law for Questions (Barseghyan-Pandey-2023)
- Tautological Status of The First Law for Theories (Barseghyan-2015)
- Tautological Status of The First Law for Theories (Barseghyan-Pandey-2023)
- Tautological Status of The Law of Compatibility (Fraser-Sarwar-2018)
- Tautological Status of The Law of Theory Demarcation (Sarwar-Fraser-2018)
- Tautological Status of The Second Law (Barseghyan-2015)
- Tautological Status of The Second Law (Patton-Overgaard-Barseghyan-2017)
- Tautological Status of The Zeroth Law (Harder-2015)
- Tautological Status of Theory Rejection theorem (Barseghyan-2015)
- Tautological Status of Theory Rejection theorem (Barseghyan-Pandey-2023)
- The Necessity of Intercommunication for Community
- The Necessity of Language in Community
Normative Topics
- Assessment of Scientonomy
- Indicators of Communities
- Indicators of Method Employment
- Indicators of Question Acceptance
- Indicators of Theory Acceptance
- Indicators of Violation
- Inferring Theory Assessment Outcomes
- Scientonomic Workflow
- Scope of Scientonomy
- Scope of Scientonomy - Acceptance Use and Pursuit
- Scope of Scientonomy - Construction and Appraisal
- Scope of Scientonomy - Descriptive and Normative
- Scope of Scientonomy - Explicit and Implicit
- Scope of Scientonomy - Individual and Social
- Scope of Scientonomy - Mosaic Formation
- Scope of Scientonomy - Time Fields and Scale
Accepted Theories
Definitions and Ontology
Here is the summary of the ontology and definitions currently accepted by the community:
Term | Definition | Upper Class | Existence | Subtypes | Supertypes | Associations | Disjointness |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Acceptance Criteria | Acceptance Criteria (Barseghyan-2015): Criteria for determining whether a theory is acceptable or unacceptable. | Endurant | Exists | An acceptance criterion is always part of some method. | |||
Accidental Group | Accidental Group (Overgaard-2017): A group that does not have a collective intentionality. | Endurant | Exists | Group | |||
Authority Delegation | Authority Delegation (Patton-2019): Epistemic agent A is said to be delegating authority over question x to epistemic agent B iff (1) agent A accepts that agent B is an expert on question x and (2) agent A will accept a theory answering question x if agent B says so. | Association | Exists | On the basis of cardinality: Singular Authority Delegation and Multiple Authority Delegation. On the basis of reciprocity: Mutual Authority Delegation and One-sided Authority Delegation. | |||
Community | Community (Overgaard-2017): A group that has a collective intentionality. | Endurant | Exists | Group | A community can delegate authority to another community. | ||
Compatibility | Compatibility (Fraser-Sarwar-2018): The ability of two elements to coexist in the same mosaic. | Perdurant | Exists | Epistemic Stance | |||
Compatibility Criteria | Compatibility Criteria (Fraser-Sarwar-2018): Criteria for determining whether two elements are compatible or incompatible. | Endurant | Exists | A compatibility criterion is always part of some method. | |||
Core Question | Core Question (Patton-Al-Zayadi-2021): A core question of a discipline is a question identified in the discipline’s delineating theory as definitive of the discipline. | Endurant | Exists | ||||
Core Theory | Core Theory (Patton-Al-Zayadi-2021): A core theory of a discipline is a theory presupposed by the discipline’s core questions. | Endurant | Exists | ||||
Definition | Definition (Barseghyan-2018): A statement of the meaning of a term. | Endurant | Exists | Theory | |||
Delineating Theory | Delineating Theory (Patton-Al-Zayadi-2021): A second-order theory identifying the set of core questions of a discipline. | Endurant | Exists | A discipline has one delineating theory. | |||
Demarcation Criteria | Demarcation Criteria (Barseghyan-2015): Criteria for determining whether a theory is scientific or unscientific. | Endurant | Exists | A demarcation criterion is always part of some method. | |||
Descriptive Theory | Descriptive Theory (Sebastien-2016): A set of propositions that attempts to describe something. | Endurant | Exists | Theory | |||
Discipline | Discipline (Patton-Al-Zayadi-2021): A discipline is characterized by (1) a non-empty set of core questions Q and (2) the delineating theory stating that Q are the core questions of the discipline. | Endurant | Exists | A discipline can have any number of theories. Each theory can be included into any number disciplines. A discipline has at least one core question. A discipline has one delineating theory. A discipline has at least one question. Each question can be included in any number disciplines. | |||
Discipline Acceptance | Discipline Acceptance (Patton-Al-Zayadi-2021): A discipline is said to be accepted by an epistemic agent if that agent accepts the core questions specified in the discipline’s delineating theory as well as the delineating theory itself. | Perdurant | Exists | ||||
Element Decay | Perdurant | Theory Decay | |||||
Epistemic Action | Perdurant | ||||||
Epistemic Agent | Epistemic Agent (Patton-2019): An agent capable of taking epistemic stances towards epistemic elements. | Endurant | Exists | Epistemic Community and Individual Epistemic Agent | An epistemic agent can delegate authority to another epistemic agent. An epistemic agent can rely on any number of epistemic tools, while an epistemic tool can be relied on by one-to-many agent. | ||
Epistemic Community | Endurant | Exists | Epistemic Agent | ||||
Epistemic Element | Endurant | Exists | Question and Theory | ||||
Epistemic Presupposition | Epistemic Presupposition (Barseghyan-Levesley-2021): A theory is said to be an epistemic presupposition of a question for some agent, iff the agent accepts that accepting any direct answer to the question will necessitate accepting the theory. | Association | Exists | ||||
Epistemic Stance | Perdurant | Exists | Theory Use, Theory Pursuit, Question Acceptance, Norm Employment, Compatibility and Theory Acceptance | ||||
Epistemic Tool | Epistemic Tool (Patton-2019): A physical object or system is an epistemic tool for an epistemic agent iff there is a procedure by which the tool can provide an acceptable source of knowledge for answering some question under the employed method of that agent. | Endurant | Exists | An epistemic agent can rely on any number of epistemic tools, while an epistemic tool can be relied on by one-to-many agent. | |||
Error | Error (Machado-Marques-Patton-2021): An epistemic agent is said to commit an error if the agent accepts a theory that should not have been accepted given that agent’s employed method. | Perdurant | Exists | ||||
Explicable-Implicit | Explicable-Implicit (Mirkin-Barseghyan-2018): Propositional knowledge that hasn’t been openly formulated by the agent. | Quality | Implicit | ||||
Explicit | Explicit (Mirkin-Barseghyan-2018): Propositional knowledge that has been openly formulated by the agent. | Quality | |||||
Global Epistemic Action | Perdurant | ||||||
Group | Group (Overgaard-2017): Two or more people who share any characteristic. | Endurant | Exists | Community and Accidental Group | |||
Hierarchical Authority Delegation | Hierarchical Authority Delegation (Patton-2019): A sub-type of multiple authority delegation where different epistemic agents are delegated different degrees of authority over question x. | Association | Exists | Multiple Authority Delegation | |||
History of Scientific Change | History of Scientific Change (Barseghyan-2015): A descriptive discipline that attempts to trace and explain individual changes in the scientific mosaic. | Endurant | |||||
Implicit | Implicit (Mirkin-Barseghyan-2018): Not explicit. | Quality | Explicable-Implicit and Inexplicable | ||||
Individual Epistemic Agent | Endurant | Exists | Epistemic Agent | ||||
Individual Level | Individual Level (Barseghyan-2015): The level of the beliefs of the individual scientist about the world and the rules she employs in theory assessment. | Endurant | |||||
Inexplicable | Inexplicable (Mirkin-Barseghyan-2018): Non-propositional knowledge, i.e. knowledge that cannot, even in principle, be formulated as a set of propositions. | Quality | Implicit | ||||
Local Action Availability | Endurant | ||||||
Local Epistemic Action | Perdurant | ||||||
Logical Presupposition | Logical Presupposition (Barseghyan-Levesley-2021): A theory is said to be a logical presupposition of a question, iff the theory is logically entailed by any direct answer to the question. | Association | Exists | ||||
Method | Method (Barseghyan-2018): A set of criteria for theory evaluation. | Endurant | Exists | Substantive Method and Procedural Method | Normative Theory | An acceptance criterion is always part of some method. A compatibility criterion is always part of some method. A demarcation criterion is always part of some method. | |
Method Hierarchy | Endurant | ||||||
Methodology | Methodology (Barseghyan-2018): A normative discipline that formulates the rules which ought to be employed in theory assessment. | Endurant | Exists | ||||
Model | Endurant | ||||||
Mosaic Merge | Mosaic Merge (Barseghyan-2015): A scientific change where two mosaics turn into one united mosaic. | Endurant | Exists | ||||
Mosaic Split | Mosaic Split (Barseghyan-2015): A scientific change where one mosaic transforms into two or more mosaics. | Perdurant | Exists | ||||
Multiple Authority Delegation | Multiple Authority Delegation (Patton-2019): Epistemic agent A is said to engage in a relationship of multiple authority delegation over question x iff A delegates authority over question x to more than one epistemic agent. | Association | Exists | Hierarchical Authority Delegation and Non-Hierarchical Authority Delegation | Authority Delegation | ||
Mutual Authority Delegation | Mutual Authority Delegation (Patton-2019): Epistemic agents A and B are said to be in a relationship of mutual authority delegation iff A delegates authority over question x to B, and B delegates authority over question y to A. | Association | Exists | Authority Delegation | |||
Non-Epistemic Community | Endurant | ||||||
Non-Hierarchical Authority Delegation | Non-Hierarchical Authority Delegation (Patton-2019): A sub-type of multiple authority delegation where different epistemic agents are delegated the same degree of authority over question x. | Association | Exists | Multiple Authority Delegation | |||
Norm Employment | Norm Employment (Barseghyan-2018): A norm is said to be employed if its requirements constitute the actual expectations of an epistemic agent. | Perdurant | Exists | Epistemic Stance | |||
Normative Theory | Normative Theory (Sebastien-2016): A set of propositions that attempts to prescribe something. | Endurant | Exists | Method | Theory | ||
One-sided Authority Delegation | One-sided Authority Delegation (Patton-2019): Epistemic agents A and B are said to be in a relationship of one-sided authority delegation iff A delegates authority over question x to B, but B doesn’t delegate any authority to A. | Association | Exists | Authority Delegation | |||
Outcome Inconclusive | Outcome Inconclusive (Patton-Overgaard-Barseghyan-2017): It is unclear whether or not the requirements of the method employed at the time are met. | Quality | |||||
Outcome Not Satisfied | Outcome Not Satisfied (Patton-Overgaard-Barseghyan-2017): The theory is deemed to conclusively not meet the requirements of the method employed at the time. | Quality | |||||
Outcome Satisfied | Outcome Satisfied (Patton-Overgaard-Barseghyan-2017): The theory is deemed to conclusively meet the requirements of the method employed at the time. | Quality | |||||
Procedural Method | Procedural Method (Barseghyan-2015): A method which doesn't presuppose any contingent propositions. | Endurant | Exists | Method | |||
Question | Question (Rawleigh-2018): A topic of inquiry. | Endurant | Exists | Epistemic Element | A discipline has at least one core question. A discipline has at least one question. Each question can be included in any number disciplines. A question can have subquestions. A question can presuppose theories. A theory is an answer to a question. | ||
Question Acceptance | Question Acceptance (Rawleigh-2018): A question is said to be accepted if it is taken as a legitimate topic of inquiry. | Perdurant | Exists | Epistemic Stance | |||
Question Pursuit | Perdurant | ||||||
Reason | Endurant | ||||||
Scientific Change | Scientific Change (Barseghyan-2015): Any change in the scientific mosaic, i.e. a transition from one accepted theory to another or from one employed method to another. | Perdurant | Exists | ||||
Scientific Community | Endurant | Exists | |||||
Scientific Mosaic | Scientific Mosaic (Rawleigh-2022): A model of all epistemic elements accepted or employed by the epistemic agent. | Endurant | Exists | ||||
Singular Authority Delegation | Singular Authority Delegation (Patton-2019): Epistemic agent A is said to engage in a relationship of singular authority delegation over question x iff A delegates authority over question x to exactly one epistemic agent. | Association | Exists | Authority Delegation | |||
Social Level | Social Level (Barseghyan-2015): The level of the scientific community and its mosaic of accepted theories and employed methods. | Endurant | |||||
Sociocultural Factors | Endurant | Exists | |||||
Subdiscipline | Subdiscipline (Patton-Al-Zayadi-2021): A discipline A is a subdiscipline of another discipline B, iff the set of questions of A, QA, is a proper subset of the questions of B, QB, i.e. QA ⸦ QB. | Endurant | Exists | ||||
Subquestion | Subquestion (Patton-Al-Zayadi-2021): A question Q is a subquestion of another question Q’, iff any direct answer to Q is also a partial answer to Q’. | Association | Exists | ||||
Substantive Method | Substantive Method (Barseghyan-2015): A method which presupposes at least one contingent proposition. | Endurant | Exists | Method | |||
Theory | Theory (Sebastien-2016): A set of propositions. | Endurant | Exists | Normative Theory, Descriptive Theory and Definition | Epistemic Element | A discipline can have any number of theories. Each theory can be included into any number disciplines. A question can presuppose theories. A theory is an answer to a question. | |
Theory Acceptance | Theory Acceptance (Barseghyan-2018): A theory is said to be accepted by an epistemic agent if it is taken as the best available answer to its respective question. | Perdurant | Exists | Epistemic Stance | |||
Theory Decay | Perdurant | Element Decay | |||||
Theory Pursuit | Theory Pursuit (Barseghyan-2015): A theory is said to be pursued if it is considered worthy of further development. | Perdurant | Exists | Epistemic Stance | |||
Theory Use | Theory Use (Barseghyan-2015): A theory is said to be used if it is taken as an adequate tool for practical application. | Perdurant | Exists | Epistemic Stance | |||
Tool Reliance | Tool Reliance (Patton-2019): An epistemic agent is said to rely on an epistemic tool iff there is a procedure through which the tool can provide an acceptable source of knowledge for answering some question under the employed method of that agent. | Association | Exists |
Dynamics
Topic | Accepted Answer | Answer's Formulation | Directness | Completeness |
---|---|---|---|---|
Accepted Methodology and Theory Pursuit | None | None | ||
Applicability of Scientonomy to Theories as Models | None | None | ||
Applicability of the Laws of Scientific Change to Individuals | None | None | ||
Applicability of the Laws of Scientific Change | None | None | ||
Application of Scientonomy to Other Fields | None | None | ||
Application of Scientonomy to Philosophy of Science | None | None | ||
Changeability of the Scientific Mosaic | Dogmatism No Theory Change theorem (Barseghyan-2015) | If an accepted theory is taken as the final truth, it will always remain accepted; no new theory on the subject can ever be accepted. | Direct | Complete |
Compatibility of Mosaic Elements | Compatibility Corollary (Fraser-Sarwar-2018) | At any moment of time, the elements of the scientific mosaic are compatible with each other. | Direct | Complete |
Deducibility in Method Employment | The Law of Method Employment (Rawleigh-2022) | A method becomes employed only if it is derivable from a non-empty subset of other elements of the mosaic. | Superanswer | Complete |
Delegation of Authority to Artifacts | None | None | ||
Delegation of Authority to Individuals | None | None | ||
Delegation of Authority to Past Communities | None | None | ||
Deriving Methods from an Empty Set | None | None | ||
Determinism vs. Underdeterminism in Scientific Change | Underdetermined Method Change theorem (Barseghyan-2015) Underdetermined Theory Change theorem (Barseghyan-2015) Scientific Underdeterminism theorem (Barseghyan-2015) | Transitions from one state of the mosaic to another are not necessarily deterministic. Scientific change is not a strictly deterministic process. The process of method change is not necessarily deterministic: employed methods are by no means the only possible implementations of abstract requirements. The process of theory change is not necessarily deterministic: there may be cases when both a theory's acceptance and its unacceptance are equally possible. | Direct | Complete |
Existence of Method Hierarchies | None | None | ||
Hierarchy of Theories | None | None | ||
Implementation vs. Employment of Methods | The Law of Method Employment (Rawleigh-2022) | A method becomes employed only if it is derivable from a non-empty subset of other elements of the mosaic. | Superanswer | Complete |
Indicators of Inconclusiveness | Necessary Mosaic Split theorem (Barseghyan-2015) Possible Mosaic Split theorem (Barseghyan-2015) Split Due to Inconclusiveness theorem (Barseghyan-2015) | When two mutually incompatible theories satisfy the requirements of the current method, the mosaic necessarily splits in two. When a theory assessment outcome is inconclusive, a mosaic split is possible. When a mosaic split is a result of the acceptance of only one theory, it can only be a result of inconclusive theory assessment. | Superanswer | Complete |
Mechanism of Compatibility | The Law of Compatibility (Fraser-Sarwar-2018) | If a pair of elements satisfies the compatibility criteria employed at the time, it becomes compatible within the mosaic; if it does not, it is deemed incompatible; and if assessment is inconclusive, the pair can become compatible, incompatible, or its status may be unknown. | Direct | Complete |
Mechanism of Discipline Acceptance | None | None | ||
Mechanism of Discipline Rejection | None | None | ||
Mechanism of Error Rejection | Error Rejection by Replacement (Machado-Marques-Patton-2021) | The handling of instances of scientific error is consistent with the theory rejection theorem; it involves a replacement of an erroneously accepted theory either with a first- or second-order proposition. | Direct | Complete |
Mechanism of Method Employment | The Law of Method Employment (Rawleigh-2022) | A method becomes employed only if it is derivable from a non-empty subset of other elements of the mosaic. | Direct | Complete |
Mechanism of Method Rejection | Norm Rejection theorem (Pandey-2023) | A norm becomes rejected when other elements that are incompatible with the norm become part of the mosaic. | Superanswer | Complete |
Mechanism of Method Rejection | Synchronism of Method Rejection theorem (Barseghyan-2015) | A method becomes rejected only when some of the theories, from which it follows, also become rejected. | Subanswer | Partial |
Mechanism of Mosaic Split | Necessary Mosaic Split theorem (Barseghyan-2015) Possible Mosaic Split theorem (Barseghyan-2015) Split Due to Inconclusiveness theorem (Barseghyan-2015) | When two mutually incompatible theories satisfy the requirements of the current method, the mosaic necessarily splits in two. When a theory assessment outcome is inconclusive, a mosaic split is possible. When a mosaic split is a result of the acceptance of only one theory, it can only be a result of inconclusive theory assessment. | Direct | Complete |
Mechanism of Norm Employment | The Law of Norm Employment (Rawleigh-2022) | A norm becomes employed only if it is derivable from a non-empty subset of other elements of the mosaic. | Direct | Complete |
Mechanism of Normative Theory Rejection | Norm Rejection theorem (Pandey-2023) | A norm becomes rejected when other elements that are incompatible with the norm become part of the mosaic. | Direct | Complete |
Mechanism of Question Rejection | Question Rejection theorem (Barseghyan-Levesley-Pandey-2023) | A question becomes rejected when other elements that are incompatible with the question become part of the mosaic. | Direct | Complete |
Mechanism of Scientific Change | Question Rejection theorem (Barseghyan-Levesley-Pandey-2023) | A question becomes rejected when other elements that are incompatible with the question become part of the mosaic. | Subanswer | Partial |
Mechanism of Scientific Change | The Law of Norm Employment (Rawleigh-2022) | A norm becomes employed only if it is derivable from a non-empty subset of other elements of the mosaic. | Subanswer | Partial |
Mechanism of Scientific Change | The Law of Compatibility (Fraser-Sarwar-2018) | If a pair of elements satisfies the compatibility criteria employed at the time, it becomes compatible within the mosaic; if it does not, it is deemed incompatible; and if assessment is inconclusive, the pair can become compatible, incompatible, or its status may be unknown. | Subanswer | Partial |
Mechanism of Scientific Change | Norm Rejection theorem (Pandey-2023) | A norm becomes rejected when other elements that are incompatible with the norm become part of the mosaic. | Subanswer | Partial |
Mechanism of Scientific Change | Sociocultural Factors in Theory Acceptance theorem (Barseghyan-2015) | Sociocultural factors can affect the process of theory acceptance insofar as it is permitted by the method employed at the time. | Subanswer | Partial |
Mechanism of Scientific Change | The Second Law (Patton-Overgaard-Barseghyan-2017) | If a theory satisfies the acceptance criteria of the method employed at the time, it becomes accepted into the mosaic; if it does not, it remains unaccepted; if assessment is inconclusive, the theory can be accepted or not accepted. | Subanswer | Partial |
Mechanism of Scientific Change | Methodology Can Shape Method theorem (Barseghyan-2015) | A methodology can shape employed methods, but only if its requirements implement abstract requirements of some other employed method. | Subanswer | Partial |
Mechanism of Scientific Change | The First Law (Barseghyan-2015) | An element of the mosaic remains in the mosaic unless replaced by other elements. | Subanswer | Partial |
Mechanism of Scientific Change | Theory Rejection theorem (Barseghyan-Pandey-2023) | A theory becomes rejected when other elements that are incompatible with the theory become part of the mosaic. | Subanswer | Partial |
Mechanism of Scientific Change | Underdetermined Method Change theorem (Barseghyan-2015) Underdetermined Theory Change theorem (Barseghyan-2015) Scientific Underdeterminism theorem (Barseghyan-2015) | Transitions from one state of the mosaic to another are not necessarily deterministic. Scientific change is not a strictly deterministic process. The process of method change is not necessarily deterministic: employed methods are by no means the only possible implementations of abstract requirements. The process of theory change is not necessarily deterministic: there may be cases when both a theory's acceptance and its unacceptance are equally possible. | Subanswer | Partial |
Mechanism of Scientific Change | Necessary Mosaic Split theorem (Barseghyan-2015) Possible Mosaic Split theorem (Barseghyan-2015) Split Due to Inconclusiveness theorem (Barseghyan-2015) | When two mutually incompatible theories satisfy the requirements of the current method, the mosaic necessarily splits in two. When a theory assessment outcome is inconclusive, a mosaic split is possible. When a mosaic split is a result of the acceptance of only one theory, it can only be a result of inconclusive theory assessment. | Subanswer | Partial |
Mechanism of Scientific Change | Dogmatism No Theory Change theorem (Barseghyan-2015) | If an accepted theory is taken as the final truth, it will always remain accepted; no new theory on the subject can ever be accepted. | Subanswer | Partial |
Mechanism of Scientific Inertia for Epistemic Elements | The First Law (Barseghyan-2015) | An element of the mosaic remains in the mosaic unless replaced by other elements. | Direct | Complete |
Mechanism of Scientific Inertia for Methods | The First Law for Norms (Barseghyan-Pandey-2023) | An employed norm remains employed in the mosaic unless replaced by other elements. | Superanswer | Complete |
Mechanism of Scientific Inertia for Normative Theories | The First Law for Norms (Barseghyan-Pandey-2023) | An employed norm remains employed in the mosaic unless replaced by other elements. | Direct | Complete |
Mechanism of Scientific Inertia for Questions | The First Law for Questions (Barseghyan-Levesley-2021) | An accepted question remains accepted in the mosaic unless replaced by other elements. | Direct | Complete |
Mechanism of Scientific Inertia for Theories | The First Law for Theories (Barseghyan-Pandey-2023) | An accepted theory remains accepted in the mosaic unless replaced by other elements. | Direct | Complete |
Mechanism of Theory Acceptance | The Second Law (Patton-Overgaard-Barseghyan-2017) | If a theory satisfies the acceptance criteria of the method employed at the time, it becomes accepted into the mosaic; if it does not, it remains unaccepted; if assessment is inconclusive, the theory can be accepted or not accepted. | Direct | Complete |
Mechanism of Theory Pursuit | None | None | ||
Mechanism of Theory Rejection | Theory Rejection theorem (Barseghyan-Pandey-2023) | A theory becomes rejected when other elements that are incompatible with the theory become part of the mosaic. | Direct | Complete |
Methodology and Methods | The Law of Method Employment (Rawleigh-2022) | A method becomes employed only if it is derivable from a non-empty subset of other elements of the mosaic. | Superanswer | Complete |
Methods Shaping Theory Construction | None | None | ||
Methods and Technical Research Tools | Technological Knowledge as Part of Mosaic (Mirkin-2018) | Propositional technological knowledge can be accepted and be part of a mosaic. | Superanswer | Complete |
Necessary Descriptive Theories | None | None | ||
Necessary Epistemic Elements | Necessary Method theorem (Barseghyan-2015) | In order for the process of scientific change to be possible, the mosaic must necessarily contain at least one employed method. | Subanswer | Partial |
Necessary Logic | None | None | ||
Necessary Methods | Necessary Method theorem (Barseghyan-2015) | In order for the process of scientific change to be possible, the mosaic must necessarily contain at least one employed method. | Direct | Complete |
Necessary Normative Theories | Necessary Method theorem (Barseghyan-2015) | In order for the process of scientific change to be possible, the mosaic must necessarily contain at least one employed method. | Subanswer | Partial |
Necessary Questions | None | None | ||
Necessary Theories | Necessary Method theorem (Barseghyan-2015) | In order for the process of scientific change to be possible, the mosaic must necessarily contain at least one employed method. | Subanswer | Partial |
Normative Effects of Scientonomy | None | None | ||
Philosophy of Science - Demarcation | None | None | ||
Philosophy of Science - Relativism | None | None | ||
Philosophy of Science - Scientific Progress | None | None | ||
Possibility of Scientonomy - Argument from Bad Track Record | Response to the Argument from Bad Track Record (Barseghyan-2015) | The failures of past theories of scientific change do not imply the inevitability of future failure or that the enterprise in inherently unsound. | Direct | Complete |
Possibility of Scientonomy - Argument from Changeability of Scientific Method | Response to the Argument from Changeability of Scientific Method (Barseghyan-2015) | Scientonomy does not postulate the existence of a universal and unchanging method of science; thus the fact that methods of science are changeable is not detrimental to the prospects of scientonomy. | Direct | Complete |
Possibility of Scientonomy - Preconditions | Possibility of Scientonomy (Barseghyan-2015) | Scientonomy is possible because the process of scientific change exhibits lawful general regularities. | Superanswer | Complete |
Possibility of Scientonomy - The Argument from Nothing Permanent | Response to the Argument from Nothing Permanent (Barseghyan-2015) | If there were indeed nothing permanent in science, then scientonomy would be impossible, however, scientonomy posits only that there are regularities in the process of scientific change. | Direct | Complete |
Possibility of Scientonomy - The Argument from Social Construction | Response to the Argument from Social Construction (Barseghyan-2015) | Science can be said to be socially constructed in several different senses (e.g. the contingency, nominalist, and reducibility theses). None of these preclude the possibility of scientonomy. | Direct | Complete |
Possibility of Scientonomy | Possibility of Scientonomy (Barseghyan-2015) | Scientonomy is possible because the process of scientific change exhibits lawful general regularities. | Direct | Complete |
Pursuit as Acceptance | Pursuit as Distinct from Acceptance (Barseghyan-2015) | Pursuit is a distinct epistemic stance that is not reducible to or expressible through acceptance. | Direct | Complete |
Role of Ethics in Scientific Change | None | None | ||
Role of Methodology in Scientific Change | Methodology Can Shape Method theorem (Barseghyan-2015) | A methodology can shape employed methods, but only if its requirements implement abstract requirements of some other employed method. | Direct | Complete |
Role of Non-Social and Environmental Factors in Scientific Change | None | None | ||
Role of Practical Considerations in Scientific Change | None | None | ||
Role of Sociocultural Factors in Method Employment | None | None | ||
Role of Sociocultural Factors in Mosaic Split | Necessary Mosaic Split theorem (Barseghyan-2015) Possible Mosaic Split theorem (Barseghyan-2015) Split Due to Inconclusiveness theorem (Barseghyan-2015) | When two mutually incompatible theories satisfy the requirements of the current method, the mosaic necessarily splits in two. When a theory assessment outcome is inconclusive, a mosaic split is possible. When a mosaic split is a result of the acceptance of only one theory, it can only be a result of inconclusive theory assessment. | Superanswer | Complete |
Role of Sociocultural Factors in Question Acceptance | None | None | ||
Role of Sociocultural Factors in Scientific Change | Sociocultural Factors in Theory Acceptance theorem (Barseghyan-2015) | Sociocultural factors can affect the process of theory acceptance insofar as it is permitted by the method employed at the time. | Subanswer | Partial |
Role of Sociocultural Factors in Theory Acceptance | Sociocultural Factors in Theory Acceptance theorem (Barseghyan-2015) | Sociocultural factors can affect the process of theory acceptance insofar as it is permitted by the method employed at the time. | Direct | Complete |
Role of Used Theories in Method Employment | The Law of Method Employment (Rawleigh-2022) | A method becomes employed only if it is derivable from a non-empty subset of other elements of the mosaic. | Superanswer | Complete |
Static vs. Dynamic Methods | Dynamic Substantive Methods theorem (Barseghyan-2015) Static Procedural Methods theorem (Barseghyan-2015) | All substantive methods are necessarily dynamic. All procedural methods are necessarily static. | Direct | Complete |
Status of Impossible Abstract Requirements | The Law of Method Employment (Rawleigh-2022) | A method becomes employed only if it is derivable from a non-empty subset of other elements of the mosaic. | Superanswer | Complete |
Status of Reasons | The Second Law (Patton-Overgaard-Barseghyan-2017) | If a theory satisfies the acceptance criteria of the method employed at the time, it becomes accepted into the mosaic; if it does not, it remains unaccepted; if assessment is inconclusive, the theory can be accepted or not accepted. | Superanswer | Complete |
Status of Tacit Theories | None | None | ||
Status of Technological Knowledge | Technological Knowledge as Part of Mosaic (Mirkin-2018) | Propositional technological knowledge can be accepted and be part of a mosaic. | Direct | Complete |
Synchronism vs. Asynchronism of Method Employment | Asynchronism of Method Employment theorem (Barseghyan-2015) | The employment of new methods can be but is not necessarily a result of the acceptance of new theories. | Direct | Complete |
Synchronism vs. Asynchronism of Method Rejection | Synchronism of Method Rejection theorem (Barseghyan-2015) | A method becomes rejected only when some of the theories, from which it follows, also become rejected. | Direct | Complete |
Tautological Status of Method Rejection theorem (Barseghyan-2015) | None | None | ||
Tautological Status of Norm Rejection theorem (Pandey-2023) | None | None | ||
Tautological Status of Question Rejection theorem (Barseghyan-Levesley-2021) | None | None | ||
Tautological Status of Question Rejection theorem (Barseghyan-Levesley-Pandey-2023) | None | None | ||
Tautological Status of The First Law (Barseghyan-2015) | None | None | ||
Tautological Status of The First Law for Methods (Barseghyan-2015) | None | None | ||
Tautological Status of The First Law for Norms (Barseghyan-Pandey-2023) | None | None | ||
Tautological Status of The First Law for Questions (Barseghyan-Pandey-2023) | None | None | ||
Tautological Status of The First Law for Theories (Barseghyan-2015) | None | None | ||
Tautological Status of The First Law for Theories (Barseghyan-Pandey-2023) | None | None | ||
Tautological Status of The Law of Compatibility (Fraser-Sarwar-2018) | The Law of Compatibility (Fraser-Sarwar-2018) is Not Tautological (Fraser-Sarwar-2018) | The law of compatibility suggested by Fraser and Sarwar in 2018 is not tautological. | Direct | Complete |
Tautological Status of The Law of Theory Demarcation (Sarwar-Fraser-2018) | None | None | ||
Tautological Status of The Second Law (Barseghyan-2015) | The Second Law (Barseghyan-2015) is Tautological (Barseghyan-2015) | Barseghyan's original second law is tautological. | Direct | Complete |
Tautological Status of The Second Law (Patton-Overgaard-Barseghyan-2017) | The Second Law (Patton-Overgaard-Barseghyan-2017) is Not Tautological (Patton-Overgaard-Barseghyan-2017) | The second law suggested by Patton, Overgaard, and Barseghyan in 2017 is not tautological. | Direct | Complete |
Tautological Status of The Zeroth Law (Harder-2015) | The Zeroth Law (Harder-2015) is Tautological (Fraser-Sarwar-2018) | Harder's zeroth law is tautological. | Direct | Complete |
Tautological Status of Theory Rejection theorem (Barseghyan-2015) | None | None | ||
Tautological Status of Theory Rejection theorem (Barseghyan-Pandey-2023) | None | None | ||
The Necessity of Intercommunication for Community | None | None | ||
The Necessity of Language in Community | None | None | ||
The Paradox of Normative Propositions | Resolution to the Paradox of Normative Propositions (Sebastien-2016) | The new third law resolves the paradox of normative propositions by making it clear that employed methods don't necessarily follow from all accepted theories, but only from some. | Direct | Complete |
The Status of Holism and Ripple Effect | None | None | ||
Theory vs. Method Compatibility | The Law of Compatibility (Fraser-Sarwar-2018) | If a pair of elements satisfies the compatibility criteria employed at the time, it becomes compatible within the mosaic; if it does not, it is deemed incompatible; and if assessment is inconclusive, the pair can become compatible, incompatible, or its status may be unknown. | Superanswer | Complete |
Norms
Topic | Accepted Answer | Answer's Formulation | Directness | Completeness |
---|---|---|---|---|
Anomalies | Assessment of Scientonomy - Relevant Facts (Barseghyan-2015) | At the level of metatheory, the relevant evidence for assessing a scientonomic theory ought to be the facts relating to the state of the scientific mosaic and its transitions. The complete list of relevant phenomena that ought to be considered can only be identified for a specific scientonomic theory. | Superanswer | Complete |
Assessment of Scientonomy - Method | None | None | ||
Assessment of Scientonomy - Relevant Facts | Assessment of Scientonomy - Relevant Facts (Barseghyan-2015) | At the level of metatheory, the relevant evidence for assessing a scientonomic theory ought to be the facts relating to the state of the scientific mosaic and its transitions. The complete list of relevant phenomena that ought to be considered can only be identified for a specific scientonomic theory. | Direct | Complete |
Assessment of Scientonomy | Assessment of Scientonomy - Relevant Facts (Barseghyan-2015) | At the level of metatheory, the relevant evidence for assessing a scientonomic theory ought to be the facts relating to the state of the scientific mosaic and its transitions. The complete list of relevant phenomena that ought to be considered can only be identified for a specific scientonomic theory. | Subanswer | Partial |
Indicators of Communities | None | None | ||
Indicators of Method Employment | Indicators of Method Employment (Barseghyan-2015) | The employed method of theory appraisal of a community at some time is not necessarily indicated by the methodological texts of that time and must be inferred from actual patterns of theory acceptance and other indirect evidence. | Direct | Complete |
Indicators of Question Acceptance | None | None | ||
Indicators of Theory Acceptance | Indicators of Theory Acceptance (Barseghyan-2015) | Indicators of theory acceptance are textual sources that represent the position of a scientific community regarding a theory at some time. Useful indicators are contextual to time and culture. They might include such things as encyclopedias, textbooks, university curricula, and minutes of association meetings. | Direct | Complete |
Indicators of Violation | None | None | ||
Inferring Theory Assessment Outcomes | None | None | ||
Scientonomic Workflow | Scientonomic Workflow (Barseghyan et al.-2016) | Scientonomic knowledge is best advanced by:
| Direct | Complete |
Scope of Scientonomy - Acceptance Use and Pursuit | Scope of Scientonomy - Acceptance (Barseghyan-2015) | Scientonomy ought to address the issue of how transitions from one accepted theory to another take place and what logic governs this evolution, and need not deal in questions of theory pursuit or use. | Direct | Complete |
Scope of Scientonomy - Construction and Appraisal | Scope of Scientonomy - Appraisal (Barseghyan-2015) | Scientonomy should describe and explain how changes in the mosaic of accepted scientific theories and employed methods take place. Any such instance of scientific change is a result of appraisal, which is a decision of the community to accept a proposed modification to the mosaic. Scientonomy must provide an account of this appraisal process. A theory of scientific change is not required to account for the process of theory construction. | Direct | Complete |
Scope of Scientonomy - Descriptive and Normative | Scope of Scientonomy - Descriptive (Barseghyan-2015) | Scientonomy is a descriptive discipline whose main task is to explain the process of changes in the scientific mosaic. It is distinct from normative methodology, whose task is to evaluate and prescribe methods. The findings of scientonomy may be used in such normative evaluations, but scientonomy itself should not be expected to perform any normative functions. | Direct | Complete |
Scope of Scientonomy - Explicit and Implicit | Scope of Scientonomy - Implicit and Explicit (Barseghyan-2017) | A scientonomic theory ought to distinguish between explicit statements of methodology, and actual employed methods, which may sometimes be implicit. It ought to account for employed methods, whether they correspond with stated methodology, or are purely implicit. | Direct | Complete |
Scope of Scientonomy - Individual and Social | Scope of Scientonomy - Social (Barseghyan-2015) | It is implicit in the definition of scientonomy that it should explain changes in the scientific mosaic of accepted theories and employed methods, which are changes at the level of the scientific community. It need not account for changes at the level of the beliefs of individuals. | Direct | Complete |
Scope of Scientonomy - Mosaic Formation | None | None | ||
Scope of Scientonomy - Time Fields and Scale | Scope of Scientonomy - All Fields (Barseghyan-2015) Scope of Scientonomy - All Scales (Barseghyan-2015) Scope of Scientonomy - All Time Periods (Barseghyan-2015) | Scientonomy should account for all changes to the scientific mosaic, regardless of which fields of inquiry they concern. Scientonomy should provide explanations of all kinds of changes to the scientific mosaic at all scales from the most minor transitions to the most major. Scientonomy ought to account for all scientific changes for all time periods where a scientific mosaic can be found. | Direct | Complete |
Scope of Scientonomy - Tracing Implicit and Explicit | Scope of Scientonomy - Implicit and Explicit (Barseghyan-2017) | A scientonomic theory ought to distinguish between explicit statements of methodology, and actual employed methods, which may sometimes be implicit. It ought to account for employed methods, whether they correspond with stated methodology, or are purely implicit. | Superanswer | Complete |
Scope of Scientonomy | Scope of Scientonomy - Implicit and Explicit (Barseghyan-2017) | A scientonomic theory ought to distinguish between explicit statements of methodology, and actual employed methods, which may sometimes be implicit. It ought to account for employed methods, whether they correspond with stated methodology, or are purely implicit. | Subanswer | Partial |
Scope of Scientonomy | Scope of Scientonomy - Descriptive (Barseghyan-2015) | Scientonomy is a descriptive discipline whose main task is to explain the process of changes in the scientific mosaic. It is distinct from normative methodology, whose task is to evaluate and prescribe methods. The findings of scientonomy may be used in such normative evaluations, but scientonomy itself should not be expected to perform any normative functions. | Subanswer | Partial |
Scope of Scientonomy | Scope of Scientonomy - Appraisal (Barseghyan-2015) | Scientonomy should describe and explain how changes in the mosaic of accepted scientific theories and employed methods take place. Any such instance of scientific change is a result of appraisal, which is a decision of the community to accept a proposed modification to the mosaic. Scientonomy must provide an account of this appraisal process. A theory of scientific change is not required to account for the process of theory construction. | Subanswer | Partial |
Scope of Scientonomy | Scope of Scientonomy - All Fields (Barseghyan-2015) Scope of Scientonomy - All Scales (Barseghyan-2015) Scope of Scientonomy - All Time Periods (Barseghyan-2015) | Scientonomy should account for all changes to the scientific mosaic, regardless of which fields of inquiry they concern. Scientonomy should provide explanations of all kinds of changes to the scientific mosaic at all scales from the most minor transitions to the most major. Scientonomy ought to account for all scientific changes for all time periods where a scientific mosaic can be found. | Subanswer | Partial |
Scope of Scientonomy | Scope of Scientonomy - Social (Barseghyan-2015) | It is implicit in the definition of scientonomy that it should explain changes in the scientific mosaic of accepted theories and employed methods, which are changes at the level of the scientific community. It need not account for changes at the level of the beliefs of individuals. | Subanswer | Partial |
Scope of Scientonomy | Scope of Scientonomy - Acceptance (Barseghyan-2015) | Scientonomy ought to address the issue of how transitions from one accepted theory to another take place and what logic governs this evolution, and need not deal in questions of theory pursuit or use. | Subanswer | Partial |
Workflow - Closure Mechanism | Scientonomic Workflow (Barseghyan et al.-2016) | Scientonomic knowledge is best advanced by:
| Superanswer | Complete |
Workflow - Goals of Peer Review | Goals of Peer Review - Pursuitworthiness (Shaw-Barseghyan-2019) | The goal of peer reviews in the scientonomic workflow is evaluation for pursuitworthiness rather than acceptability. | Direct | Complete |
Workflow - Handling Ripple Effects | Handling Ripple Effects - Editorial House Keeping (Shaw-Barseghyan-2019) | The encyclopedia editors should be granted official housekeeping rights to handle the ripple effects. If the additional required changes are implicit in the suggested modification, the editors should create and alter encyclopedia pages to ensure that the accepted body of scientonomic knowledge is properly documented; if it is conceivable to accept the modification without accepting the ripple effect change in question, the editors should register these changes as new suggested modifications so that the community can discuss and evaluate them in an orderly fashion. | Direct | Complete |
Workflow - Publishing Modification Comments | Publishing Modification Comments (Shaw-Barseghyan-Yan-2019) | The discussions concerning a suggested modification are to be published once a communal verdict is available. The discussions are to be published in the journal as special commentary articles co-authored by all participants of the discussion or in special edited collections. | Direct | Complete |
Workflow - Reformulating Suggesting Modifications | Allow Modification Reformulations (Shaw-Barseghyan-2019) | The commentators of suggested modifications are allowed to suggest reformulations of the original formulations in the comments. By default, the new formulation should bear the original author’s name, unless the author decides to give credit to those who significantly contributed to the new reformulation. | Direct | Complete |
Open Questions
Topic | Topic Type | Question | Formulated Year |
---|---|---|---|
Accepted Methodology and Theory Pursuit | Descriptive | Is there any connection between an accepted methodology and the pursuit of a theory? | 2016 |
Applicability of Scientonomy to Theories as Models | Descriptive | Is the theory of scientific change applicable to theories construed as sets of models, or in ways that reject their purely formal characterization? | 2017 |
Applicability of the Laws of Scientific Change | Descriptive | To which mosaics do the laws of scientific change apply? Do they apply only to scientific communities, to all epistemic communities, or all communities whatsoever (including non-epistemic communities)? Do these patterns emerge and exist in communities who gather together to study the world? | 2017 |
Applicability of the Laws of Scientific Change to Individuals | Descriptive | Do the scientonomic laws apply to individual epistemic agents? | 2019 |
Application of Scientonomy to Other Fields | Descriptive | What is the broader relevance of scientonomy? How can scientonomy inform other fields of inquiry? | 2018 |
Application of Scientonomy to Philosophy of Science | Descriptive | How can the findings of scientonomy be applied to answer the traditional questions of the philosophy of science? | 2018 |
Assessment of Scientonomy - Method | Normative | What method ought to be employed to assess a scientonomic theory? | 2015 |
Associations of Accidental Group | Descriptive | How is the class of accidental group associated with other classes (and itself)? What aggregation, composition, or other association relations can exist between accidental groups, as well as between an accidental group and instances of other classes? | 2016 |
Associations of Authority Delegation | Descriptive | How is the class of authority delegation associated with other classes (and itself)? What aggregation, composition, or other association relations can exist between instances of authority delegation, as well as between authority delegation and instances of other classes? | 2016 |
Associations of Compatibility | Descriptive | How is the class of compatibility associated with other classes (and itself)? What aggregation, composition, or other association relations can exist between instances of compatibility, as well as between compatibility and instances of other classes? | 2015 |
Associations of Core Question | Descriptive | How is the class of core question associated with other classes (and itself)? What aggregation, composition, or other association relations can exist between core questions, as well as between a core question and instances of other classes? | 2021 |
Associations of Core Theory | Descriptive | How is the class of core theory associated with other classes (and itself)? What aggregation, composition, or other association relations can exist between core theories, as well as between a core theory and instances of other classes? | 2021 |
Associations of Definition | Descriptive | How is the class of definition associated with other classes (and itself)? What aggregation, composition, or other association relations can exist between definitions, as well as between a definition and instances of other classes? | 2018 |
Associations of Descriptive Theory | Descriptive | How is the class of descriptive theory associated with other classes (and itself)? What aggregation, composition, or other association relations can exist between descriptive theories, as well as between a descriptive theory and instances of other classes? | 2015 |
Associations of Discipline Acceptance | Descriptive | How is the class of discipline acceptance associated with other classes (and itself)? What aggregation, composition, or other association relations can exist between instances of discipline acceptance, as well as between discipline acceptance and instances of other classes? | 2021 |
Associations of Element Decay | Descriptive | How is the class of element decay associated with other classes (and itself)? What aggregation, composition, or other association relations can exist between instances of element decay, as well as between element decay and instances of other classes? | 2021 |
Associations of Epistemic Action | Descriptive | How is the class of epistemic action associated with other classes (and itself)? What aggregation, composition, or other association relations can exist between epistemic actions, as well as between an epistemic action and instances of other classes? | 2023 |
Associations of Epistemic Community | Descriptive | How is the class of epistemic community associated with other classes (and itself)? What aggregation, composition, or other association relations can exist between epistemic communities, as well as between an epistemic community and instances of other classes? | 2016 |
Associations of Epistemic Element | Descriptive | How is the class of epistemic element associated with other classes (and itself)? What aggregation, composition, or other association relations can exist between epistemic elements, as well as between an epistemic element and instances of other classes? | 2015 |
Associations of Epistemic Presupposition | Descriptive | How is the class of epistemic presupposition associated with other classes (and itself)? What aggregation, composition, or other association relations can exist between epistemic presuppositions, as well as between an epistemic presupposition and instances of other classes? | 2019 |
Associations of Epistemic Stance | Descriptive | How is the class of epistemic stance associated with other classes (and itself)? What aggregation, composition, or other association relations can exist between epistemic stances, as well as between an epistemic stance and instances of other classes? | 2015 |
Associations of Error | Descriptive | How is the class of error associated with other classes (and itself)? What aggregation, composition, or other association relations can exist between errors, as well as between an error and instances of other classes? | 2019 |
Associations of Explicable-Implicit | Descriptive | How is the class of explicable-implicit associated with other classes (and itself)? What aggregation, composition, or other association relations can exist between explicable-implicits, as well as between explicable-implicit and instances of other classes? | 2018 |
Associations of Global Epistemic Action | Descriptive | How is the class of global epistemic action associated with other classes (and itself)? What aggregation, composition, or other association relations can exist between global epistemic actions, as well as between a global epistemic action and instances of other classes? | 2023 |
Associations of Group | Descriptive | How is the class of group associated with other classes (and itself)? What aggregation, composition, or other association relations can exist between groups, as well as between a group and instances of other classes? | 2016 |
Associations of Hierarchical Authority Delegation | Descriptive | How is the class of hierarchical authority delegation associated with other classes (and itself)? What aggregation, composition, or other association relations can exist between instances of hierarchical authority delegation, as well as between hierarchical authority delegation and instances of other classes? | 2017 |
Associations of Implicit | Descriptive | How is the class of implicit associated with other classes (and itself)? What aggregation, composition, or other association relations can exist between implicits, as well as between implicit and instances of other classes? | 2018 |
Associations of Individual Epistemic Agent | Descriptive | How is the class of individual epistemic agent associated with other classes (and itself)? What aggregation, composition, or other association relations can exist between individual epistemic agents, as well as between an individual epistemic agent and instances of other classes? | 2019 |
Associations of Local Action Availability | Descriptive | How is the class of local action availability associated with other classes (and itself)? What aggregation, composition, or other association relations can exist between instances of local action availability, as well as between local action availability and instances of other classes? | 2023 |
Associations of Local Epistemic Action | Descriptive | How is the class of local epistemic action associated with other classes (and itself)? What aggregation, composition, or other association relations can exist between local epistemic actions, as well as between a local epistemic action and instances of other classes? | 2023 |
Associations of Logical Presupposition | Descriptive | How is the class of logical presupposition associated with other classes (and itself)? What aggregation, composition, or other association relations can exist between logical presuppositions, as well as between a logical presupposition and instances of other classes? | 2021 |
Associations of Method Hierarchy | Descriptive | How is the class of method hierarchy associated with other classes (and itself)? What aggregation, composition, or other association relations can exist between method hierarchies, as well as between a method hierarchy and instances of other classes? | 2019 |
Associations of Methodology | Descriptive | How is the class of methodology associated with other classes (and itself)? What aggregation, composition, or other association relations can exist between methodologys, as well as between a methodology and instances of other classes? | 2015 |
Associations of Model | Descriptive | How is the class of model associated with other classes (and itself)? What aggregation, composition, or other association relations can exist between models, as well as between a model and instances of other classes? | 2016 |
Associations of Mosaic Merge | Descriptive | How is the class of mosaic merge associated with other classes (and itself)? What aggregation, composition, or other association relations can exist between mosaic merges, as well as between a mosaic merge and instances of other classes? | 2015 |
Associations of Mosaic Split | Descriptive | How is the class of mosaic split associated with other classes (and itself)? What aggregation, composition, or other association relations can exist between instances of mosaic split, as well as between a mosaic split and instances of other classes? | 2015 |
Associations of Multiple Authority Delegation | Descriptive | How is the class of multiple authority delegation associated with other classes (and itself)? What aggregation, composition, or other association relations can exist between multiple authority delegations, as well as between multiple authority delegation and instances of other classes? | 2017 |
Associations of Non-Epistemic Community | Descriptive | How is the class of non-epistemic community associated with other classes (and itself)? What aggregation, composition, or other association relations can exist between non-epistemic communities, as well as between a non-epistemic community and instances of other classes? | 2016 |
Associations of Non-Hierarchical Authority Delegation | Descriptive | How is the class of non-hierarchical authority delegation associated with other classes (and itself)? What aggregation, composition, or other association relations can exist between instances of non-hierarchical authority delegation, as well as between non-hierarchical authority delegation and instances of other classes? | 2017 |
Associations of Norm Employment | Descriptive | How is the class of norm employment associated with other classes (and itself)? What aggregation, composition, or other association relations can exist between instances of norm employment, as well as between norm employment and instances of other classes? | 2018 |
Associations of Normative Theory | Descriptive | How is the class of normative theory associated with other classes (and itself)? What aggregation, composition, or other association relations can exist between normative theories, as well as between a normative theory and instances of other classes? | 2015 |
Associations of Procedural Method | Descriptive | How is the class of procedural method associated with other classes (and itself)? What aggregation, composition, or other association relations can exist between procedural methods, as well as between a procedural method and instances of other classes? | 2015 |
Associations of Question Acceptance | Descriptive | How is the class of question acceptance associated with other classes (and itself)? What aggregation, composition, or other association relations can exist between instances of question acceptance, as well as between question acceptance and instances of other classes? | 2018 |
Associations of Question Pursuit | Descriptive | How is the class of question pursuit associated with other classes (and itself)? What aggregation, composition, or other association relations can exist between instances of question pursuit, as well as between question pursuit and instances of other classes? | 2022 |
Associations of Reason | Descriptive | How is the class of reason associated with other classes (and itself)? What aggregation, composition, or other association relations can exist between reasons, as well as between a reason and instances of other classes? | 2019 |
Associations of Scientific Change | Descriptive | How is the class of scientific change associated with other classes (and itself)? What aggregation, composition, or other association relations can exist between instances of scientific change, as well as between scientific change and instances of other classes? | 2015 |
Associations of Scientific Community | Descriptive | How is the class of scientific community associated with other classes (and itself)? What aggregation, composition, or other association relations can exist between scientific communities, as well as between a scientific community and instances of other classes? | 2015 |
Associations of Scientific Mosaic | Descriptive | How is the class of scientific mosaic associated with other classes (and itself)? What aggregation, composition, or other association relations can exist between scientific mosaics, as well as between a scientific mosaic and instances of other classes? | 2015 |
Associations of Scientonomy | Descriptive | How is the class of scientonomy associated with other classes (and itself)? What aggregation, composition, or other association relations can exist between scientonomy, as well as between scientonomy and instances of other classes? | 2016 |
Associations of Singular Authority Delegation | Descriptive | How is the class of singular authority delegation associated with other classes (and itself)? What aggregation, composition, or other association relations can exist between instances of singular authority delegation, as well as between singular authority delegation and instances of other classes? | 2017 |
Associations of Sociocultural Factors | Descriptive | How is the class of sociocultural factors associated with other classes (and itself)? What aggregation, composition, or other association relations can exist between sociocultural factorss, as well as between a sociocultural factors and instances of other classes? | 2016 |
Associations of Subdiscipline | Descriptive | How is the class of subdiscipline associated with other classes (and itself)? What aggregation, composition, or other association relations can exist between subdisciplines, as well as between a subdiscipline and instances of other classes? | 2021 |
Associations of Subquestion | Descriptive | How is the class of subquestion associated with other classes (and itself)? What aggregation, composition, or other association relations can exist between subquestions, as well as between a subquestion and instances of other classes? | 2021 |
Associations of Substantive Method | Descriptive | How is the class of substantive method associated with other classes (and itself)? What aggregation, composition, or other association relations can exist between substantive methods, as well as between a substantive method and instances of other classes? | 2015 |
Associations of Theory Acceptance | Descriptive | How is the class of theory acceptance associated with other classes (and itself)? What aggregation, composition, or other association relations can exist between instances of theory acceptance, as well as between theory acceptance and instances of other classes? | 2015 |
Associations of Theory Decay | Descriptive | How is the class of theory decay associated with other classes (and itself)? What aggregation, composition, or other association relations can exist between instances of theory decay, as well as between theory decay and instances of other classes? | 2021 |
Associations of Theory Pursuit | Descriptive | How is the class of theory pursuit associated with other classes (and itself)? What aggregation, composition, or other association relations can exist between instances of pursuit decay, as well as between theory pursuit and instances of other classes? | 2015 |
Associations of Theory Use | Descriptive | How is the class of theory use associated with other classes (and itself)? What aggregation, composition, or other association relations can exist between instances of theory use, as well as between theory use and instances of other classes? | 2015 |
Delegation of Authority to Artifacts | Descriptive | Can there be delegation of authority to tools, instruments, other material objects, or to computer software? | 2016 |
Delegation of Authority to Individuals | Descriptive | Can there be delegation of authority to individuals? | 2018 |
Delegation of Authority to Past Communities | Descriptive | Is it possible for a community to delegate authority to a community that no longer exists? Can a community delegate authority to a past expert? | 2017 |
Deriving Methods from an Empty Set | Descriptive | Does the possibility of a method being derived from an empty set pose a problem for the current formulation of the third law? Can we conceive of a situation in which a method is derived from an empty subset? | 2017 |
Disjointness of Acceptance Criteria | Descriptive | What other classes is the class of acceptance criteria disjoint with, i.e. classes that don't share any instances with acceptance criteria? | 2015 |
Disjointness of Accidental Group | Descriptive | What other classes is the class of accidental group disjoint with, i.e. classes that don't share any instances with accidental group? | 2016 |
Disjointness of Authority Delegation | Descriptive | What other classes is the class of authority delegation disjoint with, i.e. classes that don't share any instances with authority delegation? | 2016 |
Disjointness of Community | Descriptive | What other classes is the class of community disjoint with, i.e. classes that don't share any instances with community? | 2016 |
Disjointness of Compatibility | Descriptive | What other classes is the class of compatibility disjoint with, i.e. classes that don't share any instances with compatibility? | 2015 |
Disjointness of Compatibility Criteria | Descriptive | What other classes is the class of compatibility criteria disjoint with, i.e. classes that don't share any instances with compatibility criteria? | 2015 |
Disjointness of Core Question | Descriptive | What other classes is the class of core question disjoint with, i.e. classes that don't share any instances with core question? | 2021 |
Disjointness of Core Theory | Descriptive | What other classes is the class of core theory disjoint with, i.e. classes that don't share any instances with core theory? | 2021 |
Disjointness of Definition | Descriptive | What other classes is the class of definition disjoint with, i.e. classes that don't share any instances with definition? | 2018 |
Disjointness of Delineating Theory | Descriptive | What other classes is the class of delineating theory disjoint with, i.e. classes that don't share any instances with delineating theory? | 2021 |
Disjointness of Demarcation Criteria | Descriptive | What other classes is the class of demarcation criteria disjoint with, i.e. classes that don't share any instances with demarcation criteria? | 2015 |
Disjointness of Descriptive Theory | Descriptive | What other classes is the class of descriptive theory disjoint with, i.e. classes that don't share any instances with descriptive theory? | 2015 |
Disjointness of Discipline | Descriptive | What other classes is the class of discipline disjoint with, i.e. classes that don't share any instances with discipline? | 2016 |
Disjointness of Discipline Acceptance | Descriptive | What other classes is the class of discipline acceptance disjoint with, i.e. classes that don't share any instances with discipline acceptance? | 2021 |
Disjointness of Element Decay | Descriptive | What other classes is the class of element decay disjoint with, i.e. classes that don't share any instances with element decay? | 2021 |
Disjointness of Epistemic Action | Descriptive | What other classes is the class of epistemic action disjoint with, i.e. classes that don't share any instances with epistemic action? | 2023 |
Disjointness of Epistemic Agent | Descriptive | What other classes is the class of epistemic agent disjoint with, i.e. classes that don't share any instances with epistemic agent? | 2018 |
Disjointness of Epistemic Community | Descriptive | What other classes is the class of epistemic community disjoint with, i.e. classes that don't share any instances with epistemic community? | 2016 |
Disjointness of Epistemic Element | Descriptive | What other classes is the class of epistemic element disjoint with, i.e. classes that don't share any instances with epistemic element? | 2015 |
Disjointness of Epistemic Presupposition | Descriptive | What other classes is the class of epistemic presupposition disjoint with, i.e. classes that don't share any instances with epistemic presupposition? | 2019 |
Disjointness of Epistemic Stance | Descriptive | What other classes is the class of epistemic stance disjoint with, i.e. classes that don't share any instances with epistemic stance? | 2015 |
Disjointness of Error | Descriptive | What other classes is the class of error disjoint with, i.e. classes that don't share any instances with error? | 2019 |
Disjointness of Explicable-Implicit | Descriptive | What other classes is the class of explicable-implicit disjoint with, i.e. classes that don't share any instances with explicable-implicit? | 2018 |
Disjointness of Explicit | Descriptive | What other classes is the class of explicit disjoint with, i.e. classes that don't share any instances with explicit? | 2018 |
Disjointness of Global Epistemic Action | Descriptive | What other classes is the class of global epistemic action disjoint with, i.e. classes that don't share any instances with global epistemic action? | 2023 |
Disjointness of Group | Descriptive | What other classes is the class of group disjoint with, i.e. classes that don't share any instances with group? | 2016 |
Disjointness of Hierarchical Authority Delegation | Descriptive | What other classes is the class of hierarchical authority delegation disjoint with, i.e. classes that don't share any instances with hierarchical authority delegation? | 2017 |
Disjointness of Implicit | Descriptive | What other classes is the class of implicit disjoint with, i.e. classes that don't share any instances with implicit? | 2018 |
Disjointness of Individual Epistemic Agent | Descriptive | What other classes is the class of individual epistemic agent disjoint with, i.e. classes that don't share any instances with individual epistemic agent? | 2019 |
Disjointness of Inexplicable | Descriptive | What other classes is the class of inexplicable disjoint with, i.e. classes that don't share any instances with inexplicable? | 2018 |
Disjointness of Local Action Availability | Descriptive | What other classes is the class of local action availability disjoint with, i.e. classes that don't share any instances with local action availability? | 2023 |
Disjointness of Local Epistemic Action | Descriptive | What other classes is the class of local epistemic action disjoint with, i.e. classes that don't share any instances with local epistemic action? | 2023 |
Disjointness of Logical Presupposition | Descriptive | What other classes is the class of logical presupposition disjoint with, i.e. classes that don't share any instances with logical presupposition? | 2021 |
Disjointness of Method | Descriptive | What other classes is the class of method disjoint with, i.e. classes that don't share any instances with method? | 2015 |
Disjointness of Method Hierarchy | Descriptive | What other classes is the class of method hierarchy disjoint with, i.e. classes that don't share any instances with method hierarchy? | 2019 |
Disjointness of Methodology | Descriptive | What other classes is the class of methodology disjoint with, i.e. classes that don't share any instances with methodology? | 2015 |
Disjointness of Model | Descriptive | What other classes is the class of model disjoint with, i.e. classes that don't share any instances with model? | 2016 |
Disjointness of Mosaic Merge | Descriptive | What other classes is the class of mosaic merge disjoint with, i.e. classes that don't share any instances with mosaic merge? | 2015 |
Disjointness of Mosaic Split | Descriptive | What other classes is the class of mosaic split disjoint with, i.e. classes that don't share any instances with mosaic split? | 2015 |
Disjointness of Multiple Authority Delegation | Descriptive | What other classes is the class of multiple authority delegation disjoint with, i.e. classes that don't share any instances with multiple authority delegation? | 2017 |
Disjointness of Non-Epistemic Community | Descriptive | What other classes is the class of non-epistemic community disjoint with, i.e. classes that don't share any instances with non-epistemic community? | 2016 |
Disjointness of Non-Hierarchical Authority Delegation | Descriptive | What other classes is the class of non-hierarchical authority delegation disjoint with, i.e. classes that don't share any instances with non-hierarchical authority delegation? | 2017 |
Disjointness of Norm Employment | Descriptive | What other classes is the class of norm employment disjoint with, i.e. classes that don't share any instances with norm employment? | 2018 |
Disjointness of Normative Theory | Descriptive | What other classes is the class of normative theory disjoint with, i.e. classes that don't share any instances with normative theory? | 2015 |
Disjointness of Procedural Method | Descriptive | What other classes is the class of procedural method disjoint with, i.e. classes that don't share any instances with procedural method? | 2015 |
Disjointness of Question | Descriptive | What other classes is the class of question disjoint with, i.e. classes that don't share any instances with question? | 2018 |
Disjointness of Question Acceptance | Descriptive | What other classes is the class of question acceptance disjoint with, i.e. classes that don't share any instances with question acceptance? | 2018 |
Disjointness of Question Pursuit | Descriptive | What other classes is the class of question pursuit disjoint with, i.e. classes that don't share any instances with question pursuit? | 2022 |
Disjointness of Reason | Descriptive | What other classes is the class of reason disjoint with, i.e. classes that don't share any instances with reason? | 2019 |
Disjointness of Scientific Change | Descriptive | What other classes is the class of scientific change disjoint with, i.e. classes that don't share any instances with scientific change? | 2015 |
Disjointness of Scientific Community | Descriptive | What other classes is the class of scientific community disjoint with, i.e. classes that don't share any instances with scientific community? | 2015 |
Disjointness of Scientific Mosaic | Descriptive | What other classes is the class of scientific mosaic disjoint with, i.e. classes that don't share any instances with scientific mosaic? | 2015 |
Disjointness of Scientonomy | Descriptive | What other classes is the class of scientonomy disjoint with, i.e. classes that don't share any instances with scientonomy? | 2016 |
Disjointness of Singular Authority Delegation | Descriptive | What other classes is the class of singular authority delegation disjoint with, i.e. classes that don't share any instances with singular authority delegation? | 2017 |
Disjointness of Sociocultural Factors | Descriptive | What other classes is the class of sociocultural factors disjoint with, i.e. classes that don't share any instances with sociocultural factors? | 2016 |
Disjointness of Subdiscipline | Descriptive | What other classes is the class of subdiscipline disjoint with, i.e. classes that don't share any instances with subdiscipline? | 2021 |
Disjointness of Subquestion | Descriptive | What other classes is the class of subquestion disjoint with, i.e. classes that don't share any instances with subquestion? | 2021 |
Disjointness of Substantive Method | Descriptive | What other classes is the class of substantive method disjoint with, i.e. classes that don't share any instances with substantive method? | 2015 |
Disjointness of Theory | Descriptive | What other classes is the class of theory disjoint with, i.e. classes that don't share any instances with theory? | 2015 |
Disjointness of Theory Acceptance | Descriptive | What other classes is the class of theory acceptance disjoint with, i.e. classes that don't share any instances with theory acceptance? | 2015 |
Disjointness of Theory Decay | Descriptive | What other classes is the class of theory decay disjoint with, i.e. classes that don't share any instances with theory decay? | 2021 |
Disjointness of Theory Pursuit | Descriptive | What other classes is the class of theory pursuit disjoint with, i.e. classes that don't share any instances with theory pursuit? | 2015 |
Disjointness of Theory Use | Descriptive | What other classes is the class of theory use disjoint with, i.e. classes that don't share any instances with theory use? | 2015 |
Element Decay | Definitional | What is element decay? How should it be defined? | 2021 |
Epistemic Action | Definitional | What is epistemic action? How should it be defined? | 2023 |
Epistemic Community | Definitional | What is epistemic community? How should it be defined? I.e. how is it different from non-epistemic community? | 2016 |
Epistemic Element | Definitional | What is epistemic element? How should it be defined? | 2015 |
Epistemic Stance | Definitional | What is epistemic stance? How should it be defined? | 2015 |
Existence of Element Decay | Descriptive | Does element decay exist? | 2021 |
Existence of Epistemic Action | Descriptive | Does an epistemic action exist? | 2023 |
Existence of Explicable-Implicit | Descriptive | Does explicable-implicit exist? | 2018 |
Existence of Global Epistemic Action | Descriptive | Does a global epistemic action exist? | 2023 |
Existence of Implicit | Descriptive | Does implicit exist? | 2018 |
Existence of Local Action Availability | Descriptive | Does local action availability exist? | 2023 |
Existence of Local Epistemic Action | Descriptive | Does a local epistemic action exist? | 2023 |
Existence of Method Hierarchies | Descriptive | Do method hierarchies exist? | 2019 |
Existence of Method Hierarchy | Descriptive | Does a method hierarchy exist? | 2019 |
Existence of Model | Descriptive | Does a model exist? | 2016 |
Existence of Non-Epistemic Community | Descriptive | Does a non-epistemic community exist? | 2016 |
Existence of Question Pursuit | Descriptive | Does question pursuit exist? | 2022 |
Existence of Reason | Descriptive | Does a reason exist? | 2019 |
Existence of Theory Decay | Descriptive | Does theory decay exist? | 2021 |
Global Epistemic Action | Definitional | What is global epistemic action? How should it be defined? | 2023 |
Hierarchy of Theories | Descriptive | Is there a hierarchy of theories that determines hierarchical authority delegation, hierarchical anomaly-tolerance, compatibility criteria or theory acceptance criteria? | 2018 |
Indicators of Communities | Normative | What types of historical markers can be taken as indicative that a certain group constituted an epistemic community at a certain time community? | 2018 |
Indicators of Question Acceptance | Normative | What type of historical markers can be taken as indicative that a question was accepted by an agent at a given time? | 2018 |
Indicators of Violation | Normative | What are the methodological indicators of violations of scientific change? | 2018 |
Individual Epistemic Agent | Definitional | What is individual epistemic agent? How should it be defined? | 2019 |
Individual and Communal Levels | Descriptive | How is the communal mosaic related to the mosaics of the members of the community? | 2018 |
Inferring Theory Assessment Outcomes | Normative | What can an observational scientonomist infer about a theory's assessment outcome from the theory's acceptance/unacceptance? | 2017 |
Local Action Availability | Definitional | What is local action availability? How should it be defined? | 2023 |
Local Epistemic Action | Definitional | What is local epistemic action? How should it be defined? | 2023 |
Mechanism of Discipline Acceptance | Descriptive | What is the mechanism of discipline acceptance? How do disciplines become accepted? | 2021 |
Mechanism of Discipline Rejection | Descriptive | What is the mechanism of discipline rejection? How do disciplines become rejected? | 2021 |
Mechanism of Theory Pursuit | Descriptive | What is the mechanism of theory pursuit, if any? How do theories become pursued by communities? Is pursuit purely determined by sociocultural factors or is there an epistemic element to it as well? | 2015 |
Method Hierarchy | Definitional | What is method hierarchy? How should it be defined? | 2019 |
Methods Shaping Theory Construction | Descriptive | Do our employed methods and accepted demarcation criteria influence theory construction? | 2016 |
Model | Definitional | What is model? How should it be defined? | 2016 |
Necessary Descriptive Theories | Descriptive | Are there descriptive theories that are necessarily part of any mosaic? What descriptive theories, is any, are necessary for the process of scientific change to occur? | 2023 |
Necessary Logic | Descriptive | What minimal set of inference rules (i.e. logic) is required for scientific change to occur? | 2018 |
Necessary Questions | Descriptive | Are there questions that are necessarily part of any mosaic? What questions, if any, are necessary for the process of scientific change to occur? | 2018 |
Non-Epistemic Community | Definitional | What is non-epistemic community? How should it be defined? I.e. how can it be differentiated from epistemic community? | 2016 |
Normative Effects of Scientonomy | Descriptive | What are the normative effects of scientonomy on the process of scientific change? | 2018 |
Philosophy of Science - Demarcation | Descriptive | Can scientonomy as a descriptive empirical science of science be applied to solve the problem of demarcation? | 2018 |
Philosophy of Science - Relativism | Descriptive | Can scientonomy as a descriptive empirical science of science be applied to solve the problem of scientific progress? | 2018 |
Philosophy of Science - Scientific Progress | Descriptive | Can scientonomy as a descriptive empirical science of science be applied to solve the problem of scientific progress/relativism? | 2018 |
Question Pursuit | Definitional | What is question pursuit? How should it be defined? | 2022 |
Reason | Definitional | What is reason? How should it be defined? | 2019 |
Reducibility of Definitions | Descriptive | Are definitions somehow reducible to other epistemic elements, such as descriptive or normative theories? | 2018 |
Role of Ethics in Scientific Change | Descriptive | What role do ethical concerns play in scientific change? Are ethical norms capable of affecting employed methods? | 2016 |
Role of Non-Social and Environmental Factors in Scientific Change | Descriptive | In addition to interactions between people in a community, what role do interactions between people and their natural, non-social environment have on the process of scientific change? | 2017 |
Role of Practical Considerations in Scientific Change | Descriptive | What is the role of practical considerations such as financial constraints or limitations of manpower in the process of scientific change? | 2016 |
Role of Sociocultural Factors in Method Employment | Descriptive | What is the role of sociocultural factors, such as economics or politics, in the process of method employment? | 2015 |
Role of Sociocultural Factors in Question Acceptance | Descriptive | What is the role of sociocultural factors, such as economics or politics, in the process of question acceptance? | 2021 |
Scientific Community | Definitional | What is scientific community? How should it be defined? | 2015 |
Scope of Scientonomy - Mosaic Formation | Normative | Should Scientonomy tackle the question of the initial formation of a scientific mosaic? | 2018 |
Sociocultural Factors | Definitional | What are sociocultural factors? How should they be defined? | 2016 |
Status of Tacit Theories | Descriptive | What is the status of tacit theories in the scientific mosaic? Is it possible for a community to actually accept a theory without openly formulating it? | 2016 |
Subtypes of Acceptance Criteria | Descriptive | What are the subtypes of acceptance criteria? | 2015 |
Subtypes of Accidental Group | Descriptive | What are the subtypes of an accidental group? | 2016 |
Subtypes of Community | Descriptive | What are the subtypes of a community? | 2016 |
Subtypes of Compatibility | Descriptive | What are the subtypes of compatibility? | 2015 |
Subtypes of Compatibility Criteria | Descriptive | What are the subtypes of a compatibility criteria? | 2015 |
Subtypes of Core Question | Descriptive | What are the subtypes of a core question? | 2021 |
Subtypes of Core Theory | Descriptive | What are the subtypes of a core theory? | 2021 |
Subtypes of Definition | Descriptive | What are the subtypes of a definition? | 2018 |
Subtypes of Delineating Theory | Descriptive | What are the subtypes of a delineating theory? | 2021 |
Subtypes of Demarcation Criteria | Descriptive | What are the subtypes of a demarcation criteria? | 2015 |
Subtypes of Descriptive Theory | Descriptive | What are the subtypes of a descriptive theory? | 2015 |
Subtypes of Discipline | Descriptive | What are the subtypes of a discipline? | 2016 |
Subtypes of Discipline Acceptance | Descriptive | What are the subtypes of discipline acceptance? | 2021 |
Subtypes of Epistemic Action | Descriptive | What are the subtypes of an epistemic action? | 2023 |
Subtypes of Epistemic Community | Descriptive | What are the subtypes of an epistemic community? | 2016 |
Subtypes of Epistemic Presupposition | Descriptive | What are the subtypes of an epistemic presupposition? | 2019 |
Subtypes of Error | Descriptive | What are the subtypes of an error? | 2019 |
Subtypes of Explicable-Implicit | Descriptive | What are the subtypes of explicable-implicit? | 2018 |
Subtypes of Explicit | Descriptive | What are the subtypes of explicit? | 2018 |
Subtypes of Global Epistemic Action | Descriptive | What are the subtypes of a global epistemic action? | 2023 |
Subtypes of Hierarchical Authority Delegation | Descriptive | What are the subtypes of hierarchical authority delegation? | 2017 |
Subtypes of Individual Epistemic Agent | Descriptive | What are the subtypes of an individual epistemic agent? | 2019 |
Subtypes of Inexplicable | Descriptive | What are the subtypes of inexplicable? | 2018 |
Subtypes of Local Action Availability | Descriptive | What are the subtypes of local action availability? | 2023 |
Subtypes of Local Epistemic Action | Descriptive | What are the subtypes of a local epistemic action? | 2023 |
Subtypes of Logical Presupposition | Descriptive | What are the subtypes of a logical presupposition? | 2021 |
Subtypes of Method Hierarchy | Descriptive | What are the subtypes of a method hierarchy? | 2019 |
Subtypes of Methodology | Descriptive | What are the subtypes of a methodology? | 2015 |
Subtypes of Model | Descriptive | What are the subtypes of a model? | 2016 |
Subtypes of Mosaic Merge | Descriptive | What are the subtypes of a mosaic merge? | 2015 |
Subtypes of Mosaic Split | Descriptive | What are the subtypes of a mosaic split? | 2015 |
Subtypes of Mutual Authority Delegation | Descriptive | What are the subtypes of mutual authority delegation? | 2016 |
Subtypes of Non-Epistemic Community | Descriptive | What are the subtypes of a non-epistemic community? | 2016 |
Subtypes of Non-Hierarchical Authority Delegation | Descriptive | What are the subtypes of non-hierarchical authority delegation? | 2017 |
Subtypes of Norm Employment | Descriptive | What are the subtypes of norm employment? | 2018 |
Subtypes of One-sided Authority Delegation | Descriptive | What are the subtypes of one-sided authority delegation? | 2016 |
Subtypes of Outcome Inconclusive | Descriptive | What are the subtypes of outcome inconclusive? | 2015 |
Subtypes of Procedural Method | Descriptive | What are the subtypes of a procedural method? | 2015 |
Subtypes of Question | Descriptive | What are the subtypes of a question? | 2018 |
Subtypes of Question Acceptance | Descriptive | What are the subtypes of question acceptance? | 2018 |
Subtypes of Question Pursuit | Descriptive | What are the subtypes of question pursuit? | 2022 |
Subtypes of Reason | Descriptive | What are the subtypes of a reason? | 2019 |
Subtypes of Scientific Change | Descriptive | What are the subtypes of scientific change? | 2015 |
Subtypes of Scientific Community | Descriptive | What are the subtypes of a scientific community? | 2015 |
Subtypes of Scientific Mosaic | Descriptive | What are the subtypes of a scientific mosaic? | 2015 |
Subtypes of Scientonomy | Descriptive | What are the subtypes of scientonomy? | 2016 |
Subtypes of Singular Authority Delegation | Descriptive | What are the subtypes of singular authority delegation? | 2017 |
Subtypes of Sociocultural Factors | Descriptive | What are the subtypes of a sociocultural factors? | 2016 |
Subtypes of Subdiscipline | Descriptive | What are the subtypes of a subdiscipline? | 2021 |
Subtypes of Subquestion | Descriptive | What are the subtypes of a subquestion? | 2021 |
Subtypes of Substantive Method | Descriptive | What are the subtypes of a substantive method? | 2015 |
Subtypes of Theory Acceptance | Descriptive | What are the subtypes of theory acceptance? | 2015 |
Subtypes of Theory Decay | Descriptive | What are the subtypes of theory decay? | 2021 |
Subtypes of Theory Pursuit | Descriptive | What are the subtypes of theory pursuit? | 2015 |
Subtypes of Theory Use | Descriptive | What are the subtypes of theory use? | 2015 |
Supertypes of Acceptance Criteria | Descriptive | What are the supertypes of acceptance criteria? | 2015 |
Supertypes of Authority Delegation | Descriptive | What are the supertypes of authority delegation? | 2016 |
Supertypes of Compatibility Criteria | Descriptive | What are the supertypes of a compatibility criteria? | 2015 |
Supertypes of Core Question | Descriptive | What are the supertypes of a core question? | 2021 |
Supertypes of Core Theory | Descriptive | What are the supertypes of a core theory? | 2021 |
Supertypes of Delineating Theory | Descriptive | What are the supertypes of a delineating theory? | 2021 |
Supertypes of Demarcation Criteria | Descriptive | What are the supertypes of a demarcation criteria? | 2015 |
Supertypes of Discipline | Descriptive | What are the supertypes of a discipline? | 2016 |
Supertypes of Discipline Acceptance | Descriptive | What are the supertypes of discipline acceptance? | 2021 |
Supertypes of Element Decay | Descriptive | What are the supertypes of element decay? | 2021 |
Supertypes of Epistemic Action | Descriptive | What are the supertypes of an epistemic action? | 2023 |
Supertypes of Epistemic Agent | Descriptive | What are the supertypes of an epistemic agent? | 2018 |
Supertypes of Epistemic Element | Descriptive | What are the supertypes of an epistemic element? | 2015 |
Supertypes of Epistemic Presupposition | Descriptive | What are the supertypes of an epistemic presupposition? | 2019 |
Supertypes of Epistemic Stance | Descriptive | What are the supertypes of an epistemic stance? | 2015 |
Supertypes of Error | Descriptive | What are the supertypes of an error? | 2019 |
Supertypes of Explicit | Descriptive | What are the supertypes of explicit? | 2018 |
Supertypes of Global Epistemic Action | Descriptive | What are the supertypes of a global epistemic action? | 2023 |
Supertypes of Group | Descriptive | What are the supertypes of a group? | 2016 |
Supertypes of Implicit | Descriptive | What are the supertypes of implicit? | 2018 |
Supertypes of Local Action Availability | Descriptive | What are the supertypes of local action availability? | 2023 |
Supertypes of Local Epistemic Action | Descriptive | What are the supertypes of a local epistemic action? | 2023 |
Supertypes of Logical Presupposition | Descriptive | What are the supertypes of a logical presupposition? | 2021 |
Supertypes of Method Hierarchy | Descriptive | What are the supertypes of a method hierarchy? | 2019 |
Supertypes of Methodology | Descriptive | What are the supertypes of a methodology? | 2015 |
Supertypes of Model | Descriptive | What are the supertypes of a model? | 2016 |
Supertypes of Mosaic Merge | Descriptive | What are the supertypes of a mosaic merge? | 2015 |
Supertypes of Mosaic Split | Descriptive | What are the supertypes of a mosaic split? | 2015 |
Supertypes of Non-Epistemic Community | Descriptive | What are the supertypes of a non-epistemic community? | 2016 |
Supertypes of Question Pursuit | Descriptive | What are the supertypes of question pursuit? | 2022 |
Supertypes of Reason | Descriptive | What are the supertypes of a reason? | 2019 |
Supertypes of Scientific Change | Descriptive | What are the supertypes of scientific change? | 2015 |
Supertypes of Scientific Community | Descriptive | What are the supertypes of a scientific community? | 2015 |
Supertypes of Scientific Mosaic | Descriptive | What are the supertypes of a scientific mosaic? | 2015 |
Supertypes of Scientonomy | Descriptive | What are the supertypes of scientonomy? | 2016 |
Supertypes of Sociocultural Factors | Descriptive | What are the supertypes of a sociocultural factors? | 2016 |
Supertypes of Subdiscipline | Descriptive | What are the supertypes of a subdiscipline? | 2021 |
Supertypes of Subquestion | Descriptive | What are the supertypes of a subquestion? | 2021 |
Tautological Status of Method Rejection theorem (Barseghyan-2015) | Descriptive | Is the method rejection theorem suggested by Barseghyan in 2015 a tautology? | 2023 |
Tautological Status of Norm Rejection theorem (Pandey-2023) | Descriptive | Is the norm rejection theorem suggested by Pandey in 2023 a tautology? | 2023 |
Tautological Status of Question Rejection theorem (Barseghyan-Levesley-2021) | Descriptive | Is the question rejection theorem suggested by Barseghyan and Levesley in 2021 a tautology? | 2023 |
Tautological Status of Question Rejection theorem (Barseghyan-Levesley-Pandey-2023) | Descriptive | Is the question rejection theorem suggested by Barseghyan, Levesley, and Pandey in 2023 a tautology? | 2023 |
Tautological Status of The First Law (Barseghyan-2015) | Descriptive | Is the first law suggested by Barseghyan in 2015 a tautology? | 2016 |
Tautological Status of The First Law for Methods (Barseghyan-2015) | Descriptive | Is the first law for methods suggested by Barseghyan in 2015 a tautology? | 2016 |
Tautological Status of The First Law for Norms (Barseghyan-Pandey-2023) | Descriptive | Is the first law for norms suggested by Barseghyan and Pandey in 2023 a tautology? | 2023 |
Tautological Status of The First Law for Questions (Barseghyan-Pandey-2023) | Descriptive | Is the first law for questions suggested by Barseghyan and Levesley in 2021 a tautology? | 2023 |
Tautological Status of The First Law for Theories (Barseghyan-2015) | Descriptive | Is the first law for theories suggested by Barseghyan in 2015 a tautology? | 2016 |
Tautological Status of The First Law for Theories (Barseghyan-Pandey-2023) | Descriptive | Is the first law for theories suggested by Barseghyan and Pandey in 2023 a tautology? | 2023 |
Tautological Status of The Law of Theory Demarcation (Sarwar-Fraser-2018) | Descriptive | Is the law of theory demarcation as formulated by Sarwar and Fraser in 2018 a tautology? | 2018 |
Tautological Status of Theory Rejection theorem (Barseghyan-2015) | Descriptive | Is the theory rejection theorem suggested by Barseghyan in 2015 a tautology? | 2023 |
Tautological Status of Theory Rejection theorem (Barseghyan-Pandey-2023) | Descriptive | Is the theory rejection theorem suggested by Barseghyan and Pandey in 2023 a tautology? | 2023 |
The Necessity of Intercommunication for Community | Descriptive | If two independent communities undergo similar changes which result in identical mosaics, are these communities still considered as distinct, or are they a single community? | 2016 |
The Necessity of Language in Community | Descriptive | Is a shared language, or propositional code, presupposed by the existence of an epistemic community? | 2017 |
The Status of Holism and Ripple Effect | Descriptive | Is it the case that changes in one of the elements of a mosaic can have a "ripple effect" on the rest of the mosaic? | 2018 |
Theories Shaping Core Questions | Descriptive | How do theories within a discipline shape and change the core questions of the disciplines? | 2021 |
Theory Decay | Definitional | What is theory decay? How should it be defined? | 2021 |
References
- ^ Barseghyan, Hakob. (2015) The Laws of Scientific Change. Springer.