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  • Epistemic Stances Towards Theories - Scientificity Acceptance Use and Pursuit (Sarwar-Fraser-2018)
    * [[Epistemic Stances Towards Theories - Scientificity (Sarwar-Fraser-2018)]] * [[Epistemic Stances Towards Theories - Theory Acceptance (Barseghyan-2015)]]
    339 bytes (38 words) - 20:27, 23 January 2023
  • Halvorson (2012)
    |Title=What Scientific Theories Could not be ...icular, this view equates theories that are distinct, and it distinguishes theories that are equivalent. Furthermore, the semantic view lacks the resources to
    743 bytes (100 words) - 01:15, 16 February 2017
  • Theory Acceptance without Sufficient Reason
    ...accepted without a sufficient reason, i.e. in the cases of circularity or theories without a reason? ...ut another theory as a reason. In cases of circular reasoning, two or more theories seem to be reasons for one another, without an independent reason for accep
    1 KB (155 words) - 02:30, 11 June 2020
  • Epistemic Stances Towards Theories - Acceptance Use and Pursuit (Barseghyan-2015)
    * [[Epistemic Stances Towards Theories - Theory Acceptance (Barseghyan-2015)]] * [[Epistemic Stances Towards Theories - Theory Pursuit (Barseghyan-2015)]]
    262 bytes (31 words) - 20:25, 23 January 2023
  • Ripple Effect of Method Rejection
    ...n epistemic communities cease to employ their methods, what happens to the theories previously accepted by the aforementioned methods? ...er theories. Is this indeed the case when the methods used to assess those theories are no longer employed?
    1 KB (152 words) - 12:05, 5 November 2018
  • The First Law for Theories (Barseghyan-Pandey-2023)
    |Topic=Mechanism of Scientific Inertia for Theories |Title=The First Law for Theories
    612 bytes (80 words) - 19:44, 2 January 2024
  • The First Law for Theories (Barseghyan-2015) is Tautological (Pandey-2023)
    |Topic=Tautological Status of The First Law for Theories (Barseghyan-2015) |Subject=The First Law for Theories (Barseghyan-2015)
    668 bytes (87 words) - 20:25, 3 January 2024
  • The First Law for Theories (Barseghyan-Pandey-2023) is Tautological (Pandey-2023)
    |Topic=Tautological Status of The First Law for Theories (Barseghyan-Pandey-2023) |Subject=The First Law for Theories (Barseghyan-Pandey-2023)
    700 bytes (89 words) - 20:50, 3 January 2024
  • Method Hierarchy (Mercuri-Barseghyan-2019)
    ...requirements of methods that are higher in the hierarchy are preferred to theories that satisfy the requirements of methods that are lower in the hierarchy. ...archy. If such a theory is not found, the agent is then prepared to accept theories that satisfy even the even less stringent requirements of the third method
    1 KB (174 words) - 00:15, 11 June 2020
  • Necessary Descriptive Theories
    ...riptive theories that are necessarily part of any mosaic? What descriptive theories, is any, are ''necessary'' for the process of scientific change to occur? |Question Title=Necessary Descriptive Theories
    2 KB (216 words) - 17:37, 22 January 2023
  • Tautological Status of The First Law for Theories (Barseghyan-Pandey-2023)
    |Subject=The First Law for Theories (Barseghyan-Pandey-2023) |Question=Is the first law for theories suggested by Barseghyan and Pandey in 2023 a tautology?
    2 KB (219 words) - 20:49, 3 January 2024
  • Acceptance and Compatibility Criteria
    #REDIRECT [[Hierarchy of theories]]
    35 bytes (4 words) - 03:41, 25 October 2018
  • Winther (2016)
    |Title=The Structure of Scientific Theories successes, partly as a result of the pervasiveness of scientific theories.
    2 KB (224 words) - 01:08, 16 February 2017
  • Descriptive Theory Exists
    ..., many theories attempt to describe something. Thus, there are descriptive theories.[[CiteRef::Barseghyan (2015)|p. 5]] |Acceptance Indicators=The existence of descriptive theories became accepted together with the acceptance of the rest of the original TS
    873 bytes (108 words) - 22:14, 19 February 2023
  • Necessary Normative Theories
    ...normative theories that are necessarily part of any mosaic? What normative theories, if any, are ''necessary'' for the process of scientific change to occur? |Question Title=Necessary Normative Theories
    2 KB (216 words) - 17:25, 22 January 2023
  • Applicability of Scientonomy to Theories as Models
    |Question=Is the theory of scientific change applicable to theories construed as sets of models, or in ways that reject their purely formal cha ...f scientific change compatible with these more recent and broader views of theories?
    2 KB (268 words) - 22:51, 9 July 2017
  • Tautological Status of The First Law for Theories (Barseghyan-2015)
    |Subject=The First Law for Theories (Barseghyan-2015) |Question=Is the first law for theories suggested by Barseghyan in 2015 a tautology?
    2 KB (264 words) - 20:24, 3 January 2024
  • Scope of Scientonomy - Social (Barseghyan-2015)
    ...tonomy that it should explain changes in the scientific mosaic of accepted theories and employed methods, which are changes at the level of the scientific comm ...instein, and the changes in their beliefs as they constructed and assessed theories, [[Scientific Change|changes to the scientific mosaic itself]] happen at th
    2 KB (273 words) - 16:11, 6 July 2017
  • Status of Impossible Abstract Requirements
    ...e met? What do we do when we would like to keep certain theories but those theories are left in limbo? ...know they are being operated on. Surely we do not outright reject surgical theories on the basis they cannot be tested in this way? Do we develop some alternat
    1 KB (182 words) - 18:14, 12 March 2018
  • Theory Displacement
    ...tion=Is it conceivable that, following the rejection of a method, that any theories which satisfied its requirements also would become rejected, seeing as how ...eories that became accepted due to it? What does a community do with these theories? Do they remain accepted? Are they assessed by another method?
    2 KB (297 words) - 17:21, 16 October 2022
  • Epistemic Stances Towards Normative Theories
    ...es of epistemic stances can be taken by epistemic agents towards normative theories? |Question Title=Epistemic Stances Towards Normative Theories
    1 KB (200 words) - 20:02, 10 February 2023
  • Existence of Model
    ...d ''theory'' and ''proposition'' as synonyms. In the scientonomic context, theories are considered fundamental elements of a mosaic. This leaves the question o
    1 KB (157 words) - 16:21, 21 February 2023
  • Core Question (Patton-Al-Zayadi-2021)
    ...establish the boundaries of a discipline by indicating which questions and theories are included. For example, the question 'how did living things originate as
    2 KB (210 words) - 14:09, 13 October 2022
  • Theory Rejection theorem (Barseghyan-2015) Reason2
    ...scenario when a theory can no longer remain in the mosaic, i.e. when other theories which are incompatible with that theory become accepted.</blockquote>
    2 KB (352 words) - 10:57, 17 January 2024
  • Mirkin (2018)
    ...em to exhibit the same scientonomic patterns of change typical of accepted theories therein. Thus, I suggest that propositional technological knowledge can be
    2 KB (262 words) - 03:06, 24 January 2019
  • Theory vs. Method Compatibility
    |Question=What is the relationship between the Compatibility Criteria for theories and for methods within the same Mosaic? ...th each other. However, it is not clear whether compatibility for [[Theory|theories]], and compatibility criteria for [[Method|methods]], must be the same or s
    1 KB (205 words) - 07:00, 7 March 2018
  • Mechanism of Error Rejection
    ...r theory or theories. The question is: what are these erroneously accepted theories replaced by? For example, astronomical databases trivially reject inaccurat
    1 KB (208 words) - 03:09, 9 October 2021
  • Question Can Presuppose Theories (Barseghyan-Levesley-2019)
    |Title=Question Can Presuppose Theories |Formulation Text=A [[Question|question]] can presuppose [[Theory|theories]].
    1 KB (182 words) - 16:01, 28 December 2022
  • Barseghyan (2015)
    ...? Are there any general laws that govern this process, or is the choice of theories and methods completely arbitrary and random?
    2 KB (232 words) - 00:54, 3 June 2020
  • Theory Acceptance (Sebastien-2016)
    ...tempt to provide descriptions of their respective objects, while normative theories attempt to prescribe a certain object, the latter being understood as a cer
    1 KB (203 words) - 23:31, 10 June 2020
  • Scope of Scientonomy - Acceptance Use and Pursuit
    ...sue theories as worthy of further development, or their decisions to treat theories as instrumentally useful? ...ces Towards Theories|epistemic stances that communities might take towards theories]] is likewise dealt with elsewhere. The normative question at issue, in its
    3 KB (429 words) - 17:21, 20 October 2022
  • Savage (Ed.) (1990)
    |Title=Scientific Theories
    171 bytes (19 words) - 16:39, 15 June 2017
  • Frigg (2006)
    |Title=Scientific Representation and the Semantic View of Theories view of theories, which is the currently most widely accepted account of theories and models, provides us with adequate answers to these questions. After hav
    1 KB (171 words) - 01:20, 16 February 2017
  • Status of Reasons
    ...of the status of reasons. Are reasons theories? Are reasons theories about theories? Are they components of scientific mosaics?
    1 KB (217 words) - 14:13, 29 December 2022
  • Epistemic Stances Towards Theories - Scientificity (Sarwar-Fraser-2018)
    |Topic=Epistemic Stances Towards Theories ...ed epistemic stances, the stance of ''scientificity'' can be taken towards theories.[[CiteRef::Sarwar and Fraser (2018)]]
    721 bytes (95 words) - 20:28, 23 January 2023
  • Necessary Theories
    |Question=Are there theories that are necessarily part of any mosaic? |Question Title=Necessary Theories
    1 KB (160 words) - 15:43, 23 January 2023
  • The First Law for Norms (Barseghyan-Pandey-2023)
    |Topic=Mechanism of Scientific Inertia for Normative Theories |Alternate Titles=The Law of Scientific Inertia for Normative Theories
    634 bytes (83 words) - 19:43, 2 January 2024
  • Theory Exists
    |Description=Theories are part of the process of scientific change. |Acceptance Indicators=The existence of theories became accepted together with the acceptance of the original theory of scie
    773 bytes (98 words) - 04:30, 19 January 2023
  • Theory Pursuit
    |Description=By reviewing the history of science, one can find that not all theories that interested scientists were accepted. For example, many physicists are ...s only, it became increasingly important to distinguish different types of theories in terms of their acceptance status in the scientific community [[CiteRef::
    4 KB (589 words) - 17:31, 23 September 2023
  • Theory Rejection theorem (Barseghyan-2015) Reason1
    ...can only become rejected when it is replaced by an incompatible theory or theories.[[CiteRef::Barseghyan (2015)|pp. 167-172]] [[CiteRef::Fraser and Sarwar (20
    1 KB (149 words) - 10:49, 17 January 2024
  • Discipline (Patton-Al-Zayadi-2021)
    ...ttempt to answer a certain question, and each question presupposes certain theories. Because of such hierarchical relations, it is possible to characterize a d A set, as such, can't be part of a scientific mosaic consisting of theories and questions. We, therefore, take a discipline to be defined by a [[Deline
    2 KB (304 words) - 16:54, 3 August 2021
  • Theories Shaping Core Questions
    |Question=How do theories within a discipline shape and change the core questions of the disciplines? ...olutionary theory.[[CiteRef::Ereshefsky (2017)]] Thus, the question of how theories within a discipline shape and change core questions of the discipline is an
    1 KB (181 words) - 22:44, 3 August 2021
  • Matheson and Dallmann (2015)
    |Title=Historicist Theories of Scientific Rationality
    276 bytes (30 words) - 06:44, 14 August 2016
  • Laudan, Laudan, and Donovan (1988)
    |Title=Testing Theories of Scientific Change ...tain claims emerge unscathed - the existence and importance of large-scale theories (guiding assumptions) in the physical sciences for example. Others, such as
    1 KB (198 words) - 03:13, 11 March 2017
  • Nola and Sankey (Eds.) (2000)
    |Title=After Popper, Kuhn and Feyerabend: Recent Issues in Theories of Scientific Method
    227 bytes (27 words) - 00:01, 14 August 2016
  • Resolution to the Paradox of Normative Propositions (Sebastien-2016)
    ...clear that employed methods don't necessarily follow from ''all'' accepted theories, but only from ''some''. ...eghyan-2015)|the third law]], employed methods are deducible from accepted theories, including methodologies;
    2 KB (338 words) - 21:36, 14 March 2018
  • Suppe (Ed.) (1974)
    |Title=The Structure of Scientific Theories
    206 bytes (24 words) - 15:11, 22 June 2017
  • Core Theory
    ...others. As the concept of ''core theory'' intends to capture these central theories of a discipline, it is helpful to have a proper definition of the term.
    1 KB (178 words) - 19:54, 11 December 2022
  • Technological Theory
    |Plural Capitalized=Technological Theories |Plural Lowercase=technological theories
    1 KB (174 words) - 20:34, 13 January 2023
  • Synchronism of Method Rejection theorem (Barseghyan-2015) Reason1
    ...od follows. Therefore, an old method can be rejected only when some of the theories from which it follows are also rejected.</blockquote>
    1 KB (189 words) - 10:51, 17 January 2024
  • Epistemic Stances Towards Descriptive Theories
    ...of epistemic stances can be taken by epistemic agents towards descriptive theories? |Question Title=Epistemic Stances Towards Descriptive Theories
    2 KB (212 words) - 22:17, 19 February 2023
  • Barseghyan and Mirkin (2019)
    ...rtwined with scientific knowledge as accepted scientific and technological theories often jointly shape employed methods.
    2 KB (237 words) - 13:55, 4 January 2019
  • Lakatos (1973)
    |Title=The Problem of Appraising Scientific Theories: Three Approaches
    206 bytes (24 words) - 04:24, 9 February 2017
  • Laudan (1988b)
    |Title=Are All Theories Equally Good? A Dialogue
    186 bytes (23 words) - 02:25, 15 June 2017
  • Colodny (Ed.) (1970)
    |Title=The Nature and Function of Scientific Theories
    225 bytes (27 words) - 22:17, 20 December 2019
  • Subdiscipline (Patton-Al-Zayadi-2021)
    ...ttempt to answer a certain question, and each question presupposes certain theories. It is sometimes the case that the questions ''Q<sub>B</sub>''of a broader
    2 KB (312 words) - 17:12, 3 August 2021
  • Feyerabend (1960c)
    |Title=On the Interpretation of Scientific Theories
    218 bytes (24 words) - 21:48, 31 December 2016
  • Nola and Sankey (2007)
    |Title=Theories of Scientific Method
    192 bytes (21 words) - 00:02, 14 August 2016
  • Sebastien (2016)
    ...such as methodologies can be included in the scientific mosaic as accepted theories without generating a paradox and that neither the third nor zeroth laws of
    2 KB (282 words) - 01:13, 6 November 2018
  • Luthy, Murdoch, and Newman (Eds.) (2001)
    |Title=Late Medieval and Early Modern Corpuscular Matter Theories
    228 bytes (27 words) - 20:46, 25 January 2017
  • Donovan, Laudan, and Laudan (1986)
    |Title=Testing Theories of Scientific Change
    207 bytes (25 words) - 00:44, 15 June 2017
  • Madden (Ed.) (1960)
    |Title=Theories of Scientific Method: The Renaissance Through the Nineteenth Century
    234 bytes (27 words) - 15:09, 29 March 2018
  • Stump (2022)
    ...ability, the rationality of scientific change and relativism, by exploring theories of the a priori I show how radical conceptual change can occur and defend t
    1 KB (200 words) - 22:28, 24 December 2021
  • Technological Knowledge as Part of Mosaic (Mirkin-2018)
    ...em to exhibit the same scientonomic patterns of change typical of accepted theories therein. Thus, propositional technological knowledge can be part of a mosai
    2 KB (273 words) - 14:52, 11 October 2020
  • Epistemic Stances Towards Theories
    ...n=What types of epistemic stances can be taken by epistemic agents towards theories? |Question Title=Epistemic Stances Towards Theories
    3 KB (437 words) - 20:19, 23 January 2023
  • Theory Acceptance (Fraser-Sarwar-2018)
    ...e of these do in fact become accepted, it follows that all of the accepted theories are scientific.
    1 KB (152 words) - 16:11, 12 October 2020
  • Indicators of Method Employment (Barseghyan-2015)
    ...not be posited. However, the historical record actually shows that several theories positing unobservable entities did, in fact, become accepted during this pe ...the time was most likely ''hypothetico-deductive''. On the other hand, if theories do not require confirmed novel predictions to become accepted, then some ot
    3 KB (403 words) - 19:33, 25 July 2017
  • Laudan (1968a)
    |Title=Theories of Scientific Method from Plato to Mach: A Bibliographical Review
    221 bytes (29 words) - 16:02, 30 March 2017
  • Theory Is a Subtype of Epistemic Element (Barseghyan-2015)
    ...is assumes that epsitemic stances can be taken by epistemic agents towards theories. |History=The idea that theories are subtypes of epistemic elements has been implicit in Barseghyan's origin
    2 KB (199 words) - 18:25, 29 December 2022
  • Normative Theory Is a Subtype of Theory (Sebastien-2016)
    ...norms, such as those of ethics, aesthetics, or methodology, are normative theories.[[CiteRef::Sebastien (2016)]] ...red part of the process of scientific change. [[Normative Theory|Normative theories]] were excluded from the ontology for their introduction appeared to be res
    2 KB (198 words) - 00:33, 11 February 2023
  • Core Theory (Patton-Al-Zayadi-2021)
    ...e presupposed by a discipline's core questions, are that discipline's core theories. For our example, the theory in question would be The neo-Darwinian theory
    1 KB (198 words) - 21:53, 21 January 2023
  • Theory (Barseghyan-2015)
    ..., ethics, or aesthetics.[[CiteRef::Barseghyan (2015)|pp. 3-5]] Examples of theories satisfying the definition include the theory that the Earth is round, Newto
    2 KB (334 words) - 20:05, 3 February 2023
  • Scientific Mosaic (Barseghyan-2015)
    |Formulation Text=A set of all accepted ''theories'' and employed ''methods''. ...ntific change.[[CiteRef::Barseghyan (2015)|pp. 5-7]] The reason the set of theories and methods is called a “mosaic” and not, say, “system” is that the
    2 KB (270 words) - 20:37, 3 February 2023
  • Cantor and Hodge (Eds.) (1981)
    |Title=Conceptions of Ether: Studies in the History of Ether Theories, 1740-1900
    249 bytes (32 words) - 16:56, 8 June 2017
  • Descriptive Theory
    |Plural Capitalized=Descriptive Theories |Plural Lowercase=descriptive theories
    1 KB (137 words) - 22:09, 19 February 2023
  • Uebel (2016)
    to account for the presuppositions of scientific theories by regimenting such theories within a logical framework so that the important role played
    2 KB (222 words) - 20:50, 31 August 2016
  • Barseghyan, Overgaard, and Rupik (2018)
    ...ethod of science? What demarcates science from non-science? Can scientific theories provide true descriptions of the world? Is there scientific progress? What
    1 KB (147 words) - 16:11, 15 April 2021
  • Inferring Theory Assessment Outcomes from Acceptance or Unacceptance of Two Contenders (Patton-Overgaard-Barseghyan-2017)
    ...nces that can be made from the acceptance or unacceptance of two contender theories. ...y assessment outcomes from the acceptance or unacceptance of two contender theories:
    892 bytes (106 words) - 13:22, 1 June 2020
  • Accepted Methodology and Theory Pursuit
    ...ple string theory receives little funding by comparison with other pursued theories. This might be because no one has yet identified a way of falsifying string ...e subjected to Lakatos’ criteria of theory choice. In essence, all pursued theories undergo evaluation of a methodology and are then judged irrational or ratio
    4 KB (581 words) - 22:44, 5 February 2018
  • Rawleigh (2018)
    ...tic of questions. Further, I find that the attempts to reduce questions to theories introduce an infinite regress, where a theory is an attempt to answer a que
    2 KB (295 words) - 00:10, 13 May 2018
  • Theory (Sebastien-2016)
    ...e existence of theories of various types and is not limited to descriptive theories.
    1 KB (135 words) - 22:29, 21 December 2022
  • Definition (Barseghyan-2018)
    ...stance]] that can be taken by [[Epistemic Agent|epistemic agents]] towards theories can also be taken towards definitions.
    1 KB (143 words) - 23:16, 9 June 2020
  • Response to the Argument from Nothing Permanent (Barseghyan-2015)
    |Description=Although both the theories and methods of science have changed over history and differ across discipl ...of laws governing the process of scientific change in a piecemeal fashion. Theories have, of course, proven themselves to be changeable. Methods of practicing
    5 KB (687 words) - 07:15, 7 December 2018
  • Compatibility Criteria (Fraser-Sarwar-2018)
    ...elements’ to account for the fact that the compatibility criteria apply to theories, methods, and questions alike".[[CiteRef::Fraser and Sarwar (2018)|p. 72]] ...apparent in the case of general relativity vs. quantum physics where both theories are accepted as the best available descriptions of their respective domains
    3 KB (442 words) - 15:41, 12 October 2020
  • Epistemic Stances Towards Theories - Theory Use (Barseghyan-2015)
    |Topic=Epistemic Stances Towards Theories ...=According to Barseghyan, the epistemic stance of use can be taken towards theories, i.e. an epistemic agent can find a theory useful.[[CiteRef::Barseghyan (20
    1 KB (158 words) - 19:51, 23 January 2023
  • Scientific Change (Barseghyan-2015)
    ...a given point of time. Obviously, such a frame would include all accepted theories and all employed methods of the time. [[CiteRef::Barseghyan(2015)|p. 9]]
    2 KB (250 words) - 20:54, 3 February 2023
  • Norm Employment
    |Description=If it is assumed that normative theories of all types have the capacity of being employed, then it is important to d |Related Topics=Epistemic Stances Towards Normative Theories
    1 KB (151 words) - 14:22, 16 January 2023
  • The Law of Norm Employment (Rawleigh-2022)
    ...hyan’s proposal]] that methods be subsumed under the category of normative theories, the third law no longer exhaustively covers all situations cases of employ ...part of the first-order theories of the mosaic or part of the second-order theories that range over the mosaic.
    3 KB (408 words) - 11:14, 23 February 2024
  • Suppe (1989)
    |Title=The Semantic Conception of Theories and Scientific Realism
    354 bytes (41 words) - 19:36, 3 February 2023
  • Epistemic Stances Towards Theories - Theory Pursuit (Barseghyan-2015)
    |Topic=Epistemic Stances Towards Theories ...ording to Barseghyan, the epistemic stance of pursuit can be taken towards theories, i.e. an epistemic agent can find a theory pursuitworthy.[[CiteRef::Barsegh
    1 KB (160 words) - 19:48, 23 January 2023
  • Indicators of Conclusiveness for Scientificity Assessment
    ...may be taken toward theories, and as such, in order to understand whether theories were considered as scientific or unscientific by a particular community, on ...and Fraser state that "scientists may presumably keep track of only those theories that are accepted ... Thus, there is a legitimate question concerning the i
    2 KB (252 words) - 05:17, 3 March 2019
  • Normative Theory
    |Plural Capitalized=Normative Theories |Plural Lowercase=normative theories
    1 KB (151 words) - 21:02, 19 February 2023
  • Scientificity
    ...here exist pseudoscientific theories, which are a subclass of unscientific theories.[[CiteRef::Hansson (2017)]] It is important, therefore, to have a definitio ...oblematic... It is always possible to construct ''ad hoc'', non-scientific theories that answer a given [scientific] question. We could, for instance, answer t
    3 KB (433 words) - 23:08, 11 December 2022
  • Epistemic Stances Towards Theories - Theory Acceptance (Barseghyan-2015)
    |Topic=Epistemic Stances Towards Theories ...ding to Barseghyan, acceptance as an epistemic stance can be taken towards theories.[[CiteRef::Barseghyan (2015)|pp. 30-32]]
    1 KB (165 words) - 19:48, 23 January 2023
  • Completion Rates
    ==Theories==
    2 KB (226 words) - 18:50, 15 February 2018
  • Palider (2019)
    ...l discussion of the subjective ''reasons'' an agent may have for accepting theories. This paper explores these epistemic reasons and constructs a historically
    1 KB (172 words) - 19:09, 25 January 2020
  • Theory Pursuit (Barseghyan-2015)
    ...mechanics, and the standard model of particle physics. A variety of other theories are not accepted but are being pursued. These include various versions of s While a variety of unaccepted theories are typically pursued, accepted theories also typically continue to be pursued. General relativity has been the acce
    7 KB (946 words) - 22:05, 19 December 2018
  • Theory (Barseghyan-2015) Reason1
    |Title=theories are sets of propositions ...opositions. Thus, from the perspective of our project, it is safe to treat theories as collections of propositions.
    2 KB (332 words) - 19:43, 3 February 2023
  • Necessary Method theorem (Barseghyan-2015) Reason1
    ...w methods become employed when they are deductive consequences of accepted theories and at least one other employed method. Thus, the necessary (indispensable)
    2 KB (295 words) - 10:53, 17 January 2024
  • Role of Used Theories in Method Employment
    ...=Does the third law allow for methods to be deductive consequences of used theories? ...a science that is growing and not ossified. Is it possible then, that used theories can be applied in method construction, or does this indicate that a theory
    1 KB (170 words) - 21:50, 18 March 2017
  • Subtypes of Epistemic Element
    ...it has been argued that the fundamental units of scientific change include theories ([[Karl Popper|Popper]]), paradigms ([[Thomas Kuhn|Kuhn]]), research progra ...s well as many other philosophers of science of the pre-Kuhnian era, it is theories that become accepted and rejected during the process of scientific change.
    7 KB (1,005 words) - 22:02, 27 February 2023
  • DePierris (2006)
    |Abstract=A comprehensive comparison between the theories, methodologies, and scientific view of John Locke, David Hume, and Isaac Ne
    334 bytes (44 words) - 05:02, 23 November 2016
  • Cat (2014)
    overarching theory, and can theories within a single science (e.g., general or is it also a relation between the theories, people, objects, or objectives
    1 KB (191 words) - 23:10, 29 November 2017
  • The Theory of Scientific Change
    * [[Epistemic Stances Towards Theories - Theory Acceptance (Barseghyan-2015)]] * [[Epistemic Stances Towards Theories - Theory Pursuit (Barseghyan-2015)]]
    3 KB (305 words) - 21:48, 19 February 2023
  • Support (Palider-2019)
    ...pieces of evidence for theories, and what assumptions make the supporting theories evidence.
    1 KB (196 words) - 20:51, 12 June 2020
  • Role of Practical Considerations in Scientific Change
    ...d employed methods. Are practical considerations themselves expressible as theories and/or methods or are they merely one aspect of sociocultural factors affec
    1 KB (165 words) - 19:01, 21 March 2017
  • The Paradox of Normative Propositions
    ...by a community, then how can methods be deductive consequences of accepted theories, given that historically employed methods and accepted methodologies have o ...third law, employed methods are always deductive consequences of accepted theories. But, this seems impossible in cases where accepted methodologies and emplo
    4 KB (625 words) - 05:53, 11 January 2018
  • Implication (Palider-2019)
    ...is deducible from another set of theories if it is implied by that set of theories.
    1 KB (194 words) - 02:56, 11 June 2020
  • Role of Sociocultural Factors in Mosaic Split
    ...t's possible there can be two theories that are incompatible. Assuming two theories can satisfy the same method, the necessary mosaic split theorem only tells
    1 KB (183 words) - 13:59, 29 December 2022
  • Logical Presupposition
    |Description=While theories are answers to questions, questions presuppose theories. The concept of ''logical presupposition'' is meant to denote the logical (
    1 KB (168 words) - 23:36, 6 February 2023
  • Mosaic Split (Barseghyan-2015)
    ...reement concerning the ''status'' of certain theories, and not just on the theories themselves.[[CiteRef::Barseghyan (2015)|p.203]] ...f the current method are simultaneously satisfied by two or more competing theories. On the other hand, a mosaic can split when the outcome of theory assessmen
    5 KB (761 words) - 17:32, 31 October 2023
  • Compatibility Is a Subtype of Epistemic Stance (Fraser-Sarwar-2018)
    ...pursuing either. An agent, for instance, may find two alternative quantum theories pursuitworthy while clearly realizing that the two are incompatible.
    2 KB (293 words) - 22:06, 27 February 2023
  • Normative Inference (Palider-2019)
    ...on alone is insufficient for an agent to revise their beliefs, or accepted theories, what is needed is that the agent take the normative stance that they shoul ...o not involve the employment of the norms (or method). One can speak about theories normatively inferring others without committing to (i.e. employing) the nor
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  • Pursuit and Acceptance
    |Description=Many [[Theory Acceptance|accepted theories]] were 'in the running' (i.e. [[Theory Pursuit|''pursued'']]) for a time be |Parent Topic=Epistemic Stances Towards Theories
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  • Epistemic Presupposition
    ...e theories are answers to questions, questions themselves often presuppose theories. The notion of presupposition can be understood logically or epistemically.
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  • Mechanism of Theory Rejection
    ...ledge is gained independently of experience but is nevertheless synthetic, theories can never be rejected as no empirical evidence can contradict them.[[CiteRe ...at empirical evidence is used as confirming or dis-confirming evidence for theories. A theory was thought to get rejected when it was confronted with a suffici
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  • Mechanism of Question Acceptance
    ...ement (Rawleigh-2018)|subtypes of epistemic elements]], alongside [[Theory|theories]] and [[Method|methods]]. This, along with the fact that Rawleigh proposes ...ain how those elements become part of a mosaic. Given that a mechanism for theories and methods exists, it is very likely that a mechanism for questions also e
    2 KB (322 words) - 19:38, 10 February 2023
  • Mechanism of Compatibility
    ...ds) can and when they cannot coexist in the same mosaic. For instance, the theories general relativity and quantum physics as it relates to how they explain si ...ation. This seems to show that when incompatibility is discovered, certain theories can push out or force change in others.
    5 KB (686 words) - 20:39, 26 February 2023
  • Epistemic Stances Towards Epistemic Elements
    ...e taken toward specific types of epistemic elements (e.g. towards [[Theory|theories]], [[Question|questions]], [[Method|methods]], etc.) should be listed in th ...itivists]] supported a confirmationist view of theory assessment, in which theories are assessed on the basis of the balance of confirming and disconfirming ev
    5 KB (671 words) - 17:12, 27 February 2023
  • Scope of Scientonomy - Appraisal (Barseghyan-2015)
    ...ould describe and explain how changes in the mosaic of accepted scientific theories and employed methods take place. Any such instance of scientific change is ...herefore, a theory of scientific change ''must'' provide an account of how theories are actually appraised and thereby explain how changes in the mosaic occur.
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  • Scope of Scientonomy - Acceptance (Barseghyan-2015)
    ...verns that transition, but it doesn't necessarily need to explain why some theories are pursued and others neglected and why some are used and others remain un
    2 KB (345 words) - 16:54, 11 January 2018
  • Dogmatism No Theory Change theorem (Barseghyan-2015)
    ...d with those Descartes and Newton. This would have been impossible had the theories of the mosaic been actually taken as revealing the final truth. Thus, the A
    3 KB (420 words) - 20:36, 10 February 2023
  • Employed Method (Barseghyan-2015)
    ...Text=A method is said to be ''employed'' at time ''t'' if, at time ''t'', theories become accepted only when their acceptance is permitted by the method. ...ption=A method is said to be ''employed'' at time ''t'' if, at time ''t,'' theories became accepted only when their acceptance is permitted by the method. [[Ci
    1 KB (205 words) - 18:03, 29 November 2017
  • Split Due to Inconclusiveness theorem (Barseghyan-2015) Reason1
    ...notes that, "when a mosaic split is a result of the acceptance of two new theories, it may or may not be a result of inconclusiveness".[[CiteRef::Barseghyan ( ...ramFile|diagram file=Mosaic Split Resulting From Two Mutually Incompatible Theories May Not Be A Result of Inconclusive Theory Assessment.png}}
    1 KB (217 words) - 10:42, 17 January 2024
  • Epistemic Stances Towards Normative Theories - Norm Employment (Barseghyan-2018)
    |Topic=Epistemic Stances Towards Normative Theories ...temic stances that can in principle be taken by an epistemic agent towards theories of all types can also be taken towards norms. In addition to these more uni
    2 KB (223 words) - 20:32, 10 February 2023
  • Des Chene (2001)
    ...works that Descartes would likely have encountered, from late Aristotelian theories of the soul to medical literature and treatises on machines. The Cartesian
    1 KB (227 words) - 02:44, 1 February 2017
  • Scientific Mosaic (Barseghyan-2018)
    ...e of Normative Theory (Barseghyan-2018)|methods as a sub-type of normative theories]]) as the only two fundamental [[Subtypes of Epistemic Element|types of epi
    2 KB (207 words) - 20:43, 10 February 2023
  • Mechanism of Scientific Inertia for Theories
    |Question=What makes the theories of an agent's mosaic continue to remain in the mosaic? |Question Title=Mechanism of Scientific Inertia for Theories
    2 KB (214 words) - 23:32, 21 February 2023
  • Sociocultural Factors in Theory Acceptance theorem (Barseghyan-2015) Reason1
    ...theory acceptance. But if the method prescribes that only intuitively true theories are acceptable, then the community’s intuitions will obviously affect the
    2 KB (233 words) - 19:56, 23 November 2023
  • Mechanism of Scientific Inertia for Normative Theories
    |Question=What makes the normative theories of an agent's mosaic continue to remain in the mosaic? |Question Title=Mechanism of Scientific Inertia for Normative Theories
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  • Laudan (1977a)
    ...hus providing a meta-empirical basis for the commensurability of competing theories. From this perspective, Laudan suggests revised programs for history and ph
    2 KB (241 words) - 16:52, 15 June 2017
  • Social Level
    ...entific community is the reason for the change in the science’ methods and theories. ...f theories and the employment of methods, because it sees the incompatible theories and methods as problematic for the fulfilment of this goal.[[CiteRef::Longi
    4 KB (545 words) - 23:19, 11 December 2022
  • Barseghyan (2018)
    ...ds'' are a subtype of ''normative theories''. It is shown that ''normative theories'' of all types, including methods, ethical norms, and aesthetic norms, can
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  • Procedural Method (Barseghyan-2015)
    ...well as some very abstract method such as "only accept the best available theories".[[CiteRef::Barseghyan (2015)|p. 220-221]] The latter is another possible i
    2 KB (244 words) - 14:37, 12 June 2020
  • Philosophy of Science - Relativism
    ...ptive (Barseghyan-2015)|descriptive empirical science]]. It maintains that theories change over time by a fixed [[The Theory of Scientific Change|mechanism of ...trustworthy and no empirical theory incontestable, then how are scientific theories to be compared? What becomes of the idea of scientific progress?
    5 KB (783 words) - 19:40, 12 December 2018
  • Nature of Appraisal
    ...hat a theory is assessed only in relation to the entire mosaic of accepted theories and employed methods. For the historian, several elements must be considere ...ich states that there can be decisive proofs and refutations of individual theories.[[CiteRef::Laudan (1970a)]]
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  • Theory Rejection theorem (Barseghyan-2015)
    |Formulation Text=A theory becomes rejected only when other theories that are incompatible with the theory become accepted. ...ion theorem''', a [[Theory|theory]] becomes '''rejected''' only when other theories that are incompatible with the theory become accepted.
    8 KB (1,153 words) - 16:47, 24 February 2023
  • Method Rejection theorem (Barseghyan-2015)
    <blockquote>Say we have a set of accepted theories and a very simplistic method, which consists of only one requirement that c ...facts with more precision and accuracy than they are explained by accepted theories.''
    4 KB (529 words) - 17:41, 24 February 2023
  • Necessary Mosaic Split theorem (Barseghyan-2015)
    |Formulation Text=When two mutually incompatible theories satisfy the requirements of the current method, the mosaic necessarily spli ...come accepted under the employed [[Method|method]] of the time. Since the theories are incompatible, under the [[The Zeroth Law|zeroth law]], they cannot be a
    6 KB (876 words) - 20:12, 6 November 2023
  • Scope of Scientonomy - Descriptive and Normative
    ...with normative matters such as what methods ought to be employed and what theories ought to be accepted. The question at issue is which of these sorts of ques Likewise, [[Karl Popper]] believed that his theories were meant to be normative and he did not focus on studying the actual exam
    6 KB (817 words) - 21:30, 16 October 2022
  • Methodology and Methods
    ...en exacerbated by a general lack of a normative-descriptive distinction in theories of scientific change.[[CiteRef::Barseghyan (2015)]] ...logical standards act like teachers: they give marks to theories” and that theories which propose ad hoc modifications ought to be refused,[[CiteRef::Motterlin
    4 KB (504 words) - 04:34, 11 January 2018
  • Theory Rejection theorem (Barseghyan-Pandey-2023)
    ...to be replaced by an epistemic element of ''any'' type, not just by other theories. In other respects, Pandey's formulation is similar to Barseghyan's. ...eory became rejected simply because it wasn’t compatible with new accepted theories of some other fields".[[CiteRef::Barseghyan (2015)|p. 171]] Similarly, Pand
    8 KB (1,213 words) - 23:13, 2 January 2024
  • Longino (1990)
    ...s of research programs that have drawn criticism from feminists. Examining theories of human evolution and of prenatal hormonal determination of "gender-role"
    2 KB (258 words) - 03:06, 7 October 2017
  • Hierarchy of Theories
    |Question=Is there a hierarchy of theories that determines hierarchical authority delegation, hierarchical anomaly-tol ...wn. The trans-historical prevalence of hierarchical structures surrounding theories suggests that these structures may not just be recurring accidents and thus
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  • Error Rejection by Replacement (Machado-Marques-Patton-2021)
    ...ing of erroneously accepted theories involves their replacement with other theories; the handling of scientific error is therefore in full accord with the theo
    2 KB (274 words) - 15:06, 9 October 2021
  • Ontology of Scientific Change
    ...lements]] can there be in the process of scientific change? I.e. are there theories, method, values, research programmes, paradigms, etc.? |Prehistory=Historically, theories of scientific change differed not only in their explanations of how science
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  • Philosophy of Science - Demarcation
    ...tion so did its demarcation criteria. This would lead to a great influx of theories attempting to salvage a distinction between science and non-science. ...ams that increased in predictive power were progressive, while those whose theories gradually weaken in available evidence and predictive power were considered
    4 KB (602 words) - 21:51, 5 December 2018
  • Garcia (2022)
    ...mpatibility: Incompatible Pluralism of Mosaics and Pluralism of Compatible Theories ...hat an adequate form of pluralism is the so-called compatible pluralism of theories, seen from a perspective internal to a scientific mosaic. A second form of
    2 KB (294 words) - 22:25, 24 December 2021
  • Scientonomy Conference & Workshop 2019
    ...s an opportunity to craft a more nuanced theory that would explain how our theories and methods of their evaluation change through time. Such a theory must be ...epistemic stances be improved? Do epistemic agents accept, use, and pursue theories, or is there something else? Are these stances independent of one another o
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  • Theory
    |Plural Capitalized=Theories |Plural Lowercase=theories
    4 KB (566 words) - 19:35, 12 January 2023
  • Wykstra (1980)
    ...how historical study of science can arbitrate between rival methodological theories; and until progress is made at this meta-methodological level, the very leg
    2 KB (271 words) - 19:53, 26 June 2017
  • Longino (1996)
    to bolster judgements about the worth of models, theories, and hypotheses. but are embedded in a three-way reticulational system containing theories,
    2 KB (278 words) - 17:07, 30 December 2020
  • Conclusive Theory Assessment
    .... In brief, scientific theories are underdetermined when several competing theories are able to adequately explain the same empirical phenomenon. ...ories, the evolution of science could vary greatly depending on what order theories and methods are accepted. James Robert Brown agrees.[[CiteRef::Brown (2001)
    5 KB (645 words) - 12:16, 1 November 2022
  • Role of Sociocultural Factors in Method Employment
    ...ultural factors may be taken into account in order to choose between rival theories. This is a case of indirect influence from sociocultural factors.[[CiteRef: ...hod to dictate that the High Priest may individually chooses between rival theories, as this follows directly from the accepted beliefs of the community. In th
    4 KB (600 words) - 05:02, 11 January 2018
  • Mechanism of Theory Acceptance
    |Question=How do [[Theory|theories]] become [[Theory Acceptance|accepted]] into a mosaic? ...on a regular basis. Thus, the question is ''how'' epistemic agents accept theories.
    7 KB (906 words) - 11:22, 14 February 2024
  • Scope of Scientonomy - Time Fields and Scale
    |Prehistory=Philosophers of science often held that theories of scientific change only apply to more contemporary science, while others The VPI project which compared many theories of science against historical episodes restricted itself to post-16th cent
    5 KB (781 words) - 19:36, 30 November 2018
  • Losee (2001)
    theories. On this view, it is the task of the philosopher of science to about the implications of scientific theories for the evaluation
    6 KB (874 words) - 21:01, 10 March 2018
  • Methodology Can Shape Method theorem (Barseghyan-2015)
    ...mployed only when it is deducible from other employed methods and accepted theories of the time. ...ntation of said method, just as a community takes into account descriptive theories (e.g. the placebo effect and experimenter's bias) when [[Mechanism of Metho
    5 KB (761 words) - 21:41, 1 April 2018
  • Definition Is a Subtype of Theory (Barseghyan-2018)
    ...cription=According to Barseghyan, definitions are essentially a species of theories.
    799 bytes (98 words) - 19:11, 12 January 2023
  • Social Agents of Scientific Change
    |Description=Scientonomists study mosaics of theories and methods of certain communities. What is the difference between ''commun
    764 bytes (101 words) - 16:50, 9 February 2023
  • Godfrey-Smith (2003)
    ...philosophy of science are covered, then naturalism, realism, and Bayesian theories of evidence.
    748 bytes (99 words) - 22:21, 14 June 2017
  • Descriptive Theory (Sebastien-2016)
    ...nse and includes ''explain'', ''predict'', etc. Thus, the term encompasses theories that attempt to describe a certain phenomenon, process, or state of affairs
    2 KB (322 words) - 01:54, 11 June 2020
  • Social Level (Barseghyan-2015)
    ...tion Text=The level of the scientific community and its mosaic of accepted theories and employed methods.
    729 bytes (97 words) - 16:18, 16 February 2017
  • Mechanism of Theory Pursuit
    |Question=What is the mechanism of '''theory pursuit''', if any? How do theories become ''pursued'' by communities? Is pursuit purely determined by sociocul ...ss of [[Theory Acceptance|theory acceptance]], whereas the question of how theories become [[Theory Pursuit|pursued]] is currently not within the scope of theo
    4 KB (658 words) - 17:21, 20 October 2022
  • Discipline Acceptance (Patton-Al-Zayadi-2021)
    |Description=[[Epistemic Stances Towards Theories|Theories]] and [[Epistemic Stances Towards Questions| questions]] can both be the su
    2 KB (318 words) - 17:18, 3 August 2021
  • Role of Definitions in Scientific Change
    ...do they only exhibit the exact same patterns as descriptive and normative theories?
    707 bytes (97 words) - 19:35, 7 October 2018
  • The Third Law (Sebastien-2016)
    ...en it is deducible from some subset of other employed methods and accepted theories of the time. ...ther employed methods follow from ''all'' or only ''some'' of the accepted theories and employed methods of the time. This led to a logical paradox which this
    8 KB (1,168 words) - 17:24, 7 May 2023
  • Synchronism vs. Asynchronism of Method Employment
    ...lies that strike at the foundation of the paradigm are often solved by new theories which, if accepted, culminate in a new consensus within the scientific comm ...ily depends upon theory acceptance, from which it follows that methods and theories change synchronously.[[CiteRef::Barseghyan (2015)|p. 151]]
    5 KB (663 words) - 14:01, 17 March 2018
  • Question Acceptance Exists
    ...awleigh emphasized that the process of scientific change involves not only theories and methods but also questions.[[CiteRef::Rawleigh (2018)]]
    893 bytes (110 words) - 14:44, 16 January 2023
  • Barseghyan et al. (Eds.) (2022)
    ...exts, and abandoned attempts to uncover general patterns of how scientific theories and methods change through time. Recent research has suggested that while w ...lume consider a particular proposal for a general theory of how scientific theories and methods change over time, first articulated by Hakob Barseghyan in ''Th
    2 KB (359 words) - 05:31, 3 December 2021
  • Employed Method
    ...as said to be employed by a community if the community only accepted those theories whose acceptance was permitted by the method.[[CiteRef::Barseghyan (2015)|p ...[[The Third Law|the third law]] and inferring the employed method from the theories accepted by the community at that time.
    4 KB (520 words) - 20:19, 13 January 2023
  • Intemann (2008)
    ...sion that feminist values can contribute to rational decisions about which theories to accept, I argue that the Underdetermination Thesis cannot support this c
    2 KB (292 words) - 21:22, 30 November 2017
  • Asynchronism of Method Employment theorem (Barseghyan-2015)
    ...ds can ''be'' but is not ''necessarily'' a result of the acceptance of new theories. ...nces the independence of methodological change from the status of accepted theories.
    6 KB (871 words) - 20:34, 3 February 2023
  • Method Is a Subtype of Normative Theory (Barseghyan-2018)
    ...o Barseghyan's 2018 redrafted ontology, methods are a species of normative theories.[[CiteRef::Barseghyan (2018)]]
    855 bytes (103 words) - 19:40, 10 February 2023
  • The Second Law (Barseghyan-2015)
    ...ription=According to Barseghyan's original formulation of the second law, "theories become accepted only when they satisfy the requirements of the methods actu ...Ref::Barseghyan (2015)|p. 129]] The key idea behind the second law is that theories are evaluated by the criteria employed by the community at the time of the
    9 KB (1,286 words) - 17:07, 27 January 2023
  • Response to the Argument from Bad Track Record (Barseghyan-2015)
    |Formulation Text=The failures of past theories of scientific change do not imply the inevitability of future failure or th
    838 bytes (115 words) - 15:51, 30 March 2017
  • Mechanism of Mosaic Split
    |Question=What happens to a mosaic when two or more similar theories are considered equally acceptable by a '''scientific community'''? Under wh ...rench and English communities different is that the two accepted different theories (Cartesian and Newtonian natural philosophies, respectively). In such a cas
    7 KB (959 words) - 18:23, 26 February 2023
  • Possible Mosaic Split theorem (Barseghyan-2015) Reason1
    ...and zeroth laws, given a situation a situation where the assessment of two theories obtains an inconclusive result. This will happen when it is unclear whether
    855 bytes (115 words) - 10:43, 17 January 2024
  • Giere (2002)
    distributed bridges the often perceived gap between cognitive and social theories of science. The paper concludes by suggesting some implications for the his
    987 bytes (131 words) - 23:10, 29 November 2017
  • Scope of Scientonomy - Construction and Appraisal
    |Description=[[Theory]] construction is the generation, or creation of new theories. Theory appraisal is the process by which a theory is evaluated for accepta ...nerally seen to lie within the subject matter of psychology and sociology. Theories undergo a process of appraisal by a scientific community which involves rea
    4 KB (555 words) - 21:30, 16 October 2022
  • Existence of Epistemic Element
    ...ubquestions, such as the question of types of epistemic elements, types of theories, etc.
    867 bytes (118 words) - 16:33, 21 December 2022
  • The First Law (Barseghyan-2015)
    ...uote>According to ''the first law'', any element of the mosaic of accepted theories and employed methods remains in the mosaic except insofar as it is overthro ...ressed the importance of empirical falsification in his view of scientific theories, he did not believe a theory with falsifying instances should be abandoned
    4 KB (564 words) - 00:03, 28 February 2024
  • Compatibility Criteria (Barseghyan-2015)
    |Formulation Text=Criteria for determining whether two theories are ''compatible'' or ''incompatible.'' ...apparent in the case of general relativity vs. quantum physics where both theories are accepted as the best available descriptions of their respective domains
    6 KB (809 words) - 19:52, 10 February 2023
  • Methodology (Barseghyan-2018)
    ...o the respective normative ''field'' of inquiry. Specific methodological ''theories'' are referred to as [[Method (Barseghyan-2018)|''methods'']].
    968 bytes (121 words) - 00:12, 3 September 2019
  • Indicators of Inconclusiveness
    |Description=It is possible for a community to accept two theories which are mutually incompatible and not undergo a mosaic split. This questi
    874 bytes (123 words) - 16:34, 16 February 2017
  • Kuhn (1962a)
    ...digm is replaced with another. Because paradigms are holistic networks of theories, methods, and values, they are ''incommensurable'' meaning that the terms a
    1 KB (142 words) - 01:04, 3 June 2020
  • Non-Empty Mosaic theorem (Barseghyan-2015) Reason1
    ...mployed only when it is deducible from other employed methods and accepted theories of the time.[[CiteRef::Barseghyan (2015)|p. 226]]
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  • Necessary Method theorem (Barseghyan-2015)
    ..., for a substantive method can become employed after the acceptance of the theories on which it is based. ...ncrete method is a logical consequence of the conjunction of some accepted theories and that abstract method (by the third law). Thus, a concrete method can be
    12 KB (1,835 words) - 19:46, 23 November 2023
  • Overgaard and Loiselle (2016)
    ...recognizes another as an expert on a particular topic and will accept the theories it is told by the expert community over the same topic. Importantly, author
    1 KB (149 words) - 01:44, 23 February 2019
  • Sociocultural Factors in Theory Acceptance theorem (Barseghyan-2015)
    ...definition. This is the result of the fact that the 2nd law introduces new theories in the context of the accepted methods at the time. As a result, the langua ...e the theories accepted in the mosaic. It follows from the Second Law that theories are assessed by the method in the mosaic at the time. Therefore, if the met
    6 KB (894 words) - 19:53, 23 November 2023
  • Pierre Duhem
    ...e work, The Aim and Structure of Physical Theory, he explained many of his theories on the topics of instrumentalism, how evidence does not certainly reject a ...eriments that determine if a hypothesis or theory is superior or all other theories and hypothesis. Duhem developed the idea of under-determinism which stated
    11 KB (1,746 words) - 16:42, 15 June 2017
  • Sarwar (2022)
    |Title=General System-Theoretic Framework for Theories of Scientific Change
    952 bytes (139 words) - 22:24, 24 December 2021
  • Scope of Scientonomy - Explicit and Implicit
    ...hem? The answer to this question will change the scope of the scientonomic theories. ...hat they were mainly concerned with normative theories. As a result, their theories have concentrated on explicit requirements rather than the actual expectati
    5 KB (785 words) - 21:30, 16 October 2022
  • Scientific Mosaic
    ...mas Kuhn]] used the word ''paradigm'' to talk of integrated collections of theories, methods, and values that were replaced during episodes of revolutionary sc ...r the later Larry Laudan, methods and values should be included along with theories as part of the fabric of a community’s belief system.[[CiteRef::Laudan (1
    6 KB (799 words) - 19:20, 10 February 2023
  • Mechanism of Discipline Rejection
    ...cientonomy has formulated accounts of how [[Mechanism of Theory Rejection| theories]] and [[Mechanism of Question Rejection| questions]] become rejected. Answe
    1 KB (139 words) - 21:58, 3 August 2021
  • Fatigati (2017)
    ...is proposed here that a good way of determining which texts, and therefore theories, were widely accepted would be by tracking the unique record of licenses to
    1 KB (164 words) - 01:12, 6 November 2018
  • The Law of Method Employment (Rawleigh-2022)
    ...hey are derivable from other elements of the agent's mosaic (such as other theories, other methods, and perhaps even questions). As such, the law preserves mos
    1 KB (157 words) - 16:26, 30 October 2022
  • Nichols and Yaffe (2016)
    ...d. The legacy of Thomas Reid's philosophical work is found in contemporary theories of perception, free will, philosophy of religion, and widely in epistemolog
    999 bytes (144 words) - 03:59, 19 December 2017
  • Dogmatism No Theory Change theorem (Barseghyan-2015) Reason1
    ...ird Law (Barseghyan-2015) |Third Law]] we deduce the method: accept no new theories ever. By the [[The Second Law|Second Law]] we deduce that no new theory can
    1 KB (159 words) - 10:40, 17 January 2024
  • Sarwar and Fraser (2018)
    ...ce seems to play an important role in the process of scientific change, as theories regularly transition from being considered scientific to being considered u
    1 KB (157 words) - 22:31, 23 February 2019
  • Scientificity of Questions
    ...at an independent stance, called ''scientificity'', can be taken towards ''theories'', namely that epistemic agents can consider a given theory as scientific o
    1 KB (152 words) - 05:48, 3 March 2019
  • Scientificity of Methods
    ...at an independent stance, called ''scientificity'', can be taken towards ''theories'', namely that epistemic agents can consider a given theory as scientific o
    1 KB (154 words) - 05:48, 3 March 2019
  • Static vs. Dynamic Methods
    ...Kuhn (1962a)]] according to which in those revolutionary episodes not only theories but also methods - collectively called "paradigms" - change, this process i ...ders agree that the latter ones, those shaped by our accepted ontology and theories, do change over time and are shaped by those pressupositions, even if the q
    7 KB (1,031 words) - 15:05, 4 July 2023
  • Tool Reliance (Patton-2019)
    ...e, like [[Authority Delegation|authority delegation]], is reducible to the theories and methods of an agent.
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  • Method
    ...ence, although theories and methods are closely bound up with one another, theories change but the scientific method does not. According to [[Paul Hoyningen-Hu ...olf Carnap]]’s logical positivism which attempted to axiomatize scientific theories.
    6 KB (850 words) - 18:45, 9 January 2023
  • Possibility of Scientonomy - The Argument from Social Construction
    ...ntific change. For example, the infamous case of Lysenkoism shows that the theories accepted by the scientific community in Soviet Union in 1940 was determined ...scientific methodology constitutes research programmes that dictate, which theories are accepted over time [[CiteRef::Barseghyan (2015)|p. 187]]. This implies
    6 KB (863 words) - 00:04, 5 December 2018
  • Wimsatt (2006)
    ..., and evolved systems: Reductionistic heuristics as means to more holistic theories
    1 KB (147 words) - 21:57, 8 February 2020
  • Mechanism of Method Employment
    ...Shapere]], [[Larry Laudan]], and [[Ernan McMullin]] all suggested that our theories about the world shape our methods of theory evaluation. ...ed not necessarily follow from ''all'' other employed methods and accepted theories but only from ''some'' of them.[[CiteRef::Sebastien (2016)]] This made it p
    5 KB (708 words) - 11:32, 14 February 2024
  • Reducibility of Definitions
    ...ch as [[Descriptive Theory|descriptive]] or [[Normative Theory|normative]] theories?
    1 KB (144 words) - 16:36, 21 February 2023
  • Indicators of Theory Acceptance (Barseghyan-2015)
    ...single author, or an isolated small group. In such cases they may contain theories championed by the author but not necessarily accepted by the community. ...of exposing students to an accepted body of knowledge in a field. However, theories that are not considered the best available theory are sometimes nonetheless
    3 KB (491 words) - 20:24, 25 July 2017
  • Non-Epistemic Community (Overgaard-2017)
    ...rd, is a political party. While a political party might have some accepted theories, such as ideas concerning, for instance, effective governance, "a political
    1 KB (167 words) - 23:45, 10 June 2020
  • Nickles (2017a)
    |Title=Historicist Theories of Scientific Rationality
    1 KB (170 words) - 03:09, 10 March 2018
  • Deriving Methods from an Empty Set
    ...method needs to be derived from some subset of other employed methods and theories. This wording leaves open the possibility that a method could be derived fr
    1 KB (167 words) - 20:27, 24 February 2023
  • Theory Acceptance (Barseghyan-2018)
    ...ny specific subtypes of theory, but explicitly states the relation between theories and [[Question|questions]] they attempt to answer.
    1 KB (158 words) - 00:01, 3 September 2019
  • Necessary Mosaic Split theorem (Barseghyan-2015) Reason1
    ...his creates the apparently contradictory situation where either of the two theories A) must be accepted because it satisfies the employed method and B) must no
    1 KB (168 words) - 10:48, 17 January 2024
  • The Law of Theory Demarcation (Sarwar-Fraser-2018)
    ...demarcation'' tries to provide a mechanism of how the scientific status of theories changes overtime. The assessment outcomes of the law (satisfied, unsatisfie
    1 KB (157 words) - 06:00, 3 March 2019
  • Split Due to Inconclusiveness theorem (Barseghyan-2015)
    ...ion=Split due to inconclusiveness can occur when two mutually incompatible theories are accepted simultaneously by the same community.
    1 KB (165 words) - 20:46, 6 November 2023
  • Dynamic Substantive Methods theorem (Barseghyan-2015)
    ...e dynamic. The example of the placebo effect was used as an example of how theories induce [[Mechanism of Method Employment|change to the requirements of the s ...ed by contingent propositions about the world and therefore not static. If theories about the world are to change, then so should these methods. However, Lauda
    5 KB (761 words) - 22:20, 10 November 2023
  • The First Law for Theories (Barseghyan-2015)
    |Topic=Mechanism of Scientific Inertia for Theories |Title=The First Law for Theories
    12 KB (1,712 words) - 17:12, 2 November 2023
  • The Law of Theory Demarcation (Sarwar-Fraser-2018) is Not Tautological (Sarwar-Fraser-2018)
    ...demarcation]] tries to provide a mechanism of how the scientific status of theories changes overtime. The assessment outcomes of the law (satisfied, unsatisfie
    1 KB (170 words) - 23:20, 19 January 2023
  • Scientific Underdeterminism theorem (Barseghyan-2015)
    ...an be employed in two ways: either it strictly follows from other accepted theories and employed methods, in which case the change is, in fact, deterministic, These two theses combine to form the SUT, since changes in theories and methods are all the transitions that occur in the scientific mosaic, an
    7 KB (1,073 words) - 21:37, 11 March 2018
  • History of Scientific Change (Barseghyan-2015)
    ...e state of a ''mosaic'' at time ''t,'' it is necessary to understand which theories were accepted at the time, and which methods were employed at the time. [[C
    1 KB (186 words) - 16:14, 16 February 2017
  • Determinism vs. Underdeterminism in Scientific Change
    ...other extra-scientific factors to influence the evolution of the accepted theories and employed methods of a given community. This position has been held by m ...rdetermines our response to it, because it could be that this test refutes theories of optics rather than Newton’s theory of gravity, or that it refutes our
    6 KB (922 words) - 02:24, 14 March 2018
  • Shan (2023)
    |Title=Corpus Linguistics Strategies for Identifying Accepted Theories in Early Modern England
    1 KB (183 words) - 18:10, 1 January 2024
  • Contextual Appraisal theorem (Barseghyan-2015) Reason1
    ...od employed at the time ... In addition, it follows from the first law for theories that a theory is assessed only if it attempts to enter into the mosaic; onc
    1 KB (197 words) - 10:52, 17 January 2024
  • Underdetermined Method Change theorem (Barseghyan-2015)
    ...d]] may become employed because it follows strictly from accepted [[Theory|theories]] or employed methods, or it may the abstract requirements of some other em
    1 KB (186 words) - 15:49, 16 February 2017
  • The First Law for Methods (Barseghyan-2015)
    ...heory, the community always has some implicit expectations concerning such theories. These expectations may be very specific or they may be very abstract and
    4 KB (541 words) - 13:07, 19 January 2024
  • Patton, Overgaard, and Barseghyan (2017)
    ...can make regarding theory assessment outcomes from the record of accepted theories.
    1 KB (211 words) - 01:13, 6 November 2018
  • Paul Feyerabend
    Rudolf Carnap, the Father of Logical Positivism, believed that scientific theories cannot be proven, but that they can have different probabilities. There are ...l knowledge is fallible, so the task of scientists is to compare competing theories. Popper’s assertions are reflected in his methodological rules.
    12 KB (1,781 words) - 12:57, 29 June 2017
  • The Zeroth Law (Harder-2015)
    ...f::Barseghyan (2015)||pp.157]] Importantly, the Zeroth Law extends only to theories and methods that are ''accepted'', not merely ''used'' or ''pursued''. ...irements for new theories, or provide ''alternative'' requirements for new theories ("connected by a logical OR").[[CiteRef::Barseghyan (2015)||pp.162-3]] Thus
    21 KB (3,113 words) - 20:16, 10 February 2023
  • Barseghyan and Shaw (2017)
    ...ecifically, we provide three distinct stances that scientists take towards theories: ''acceptance'' of a theory as the best available description of its domain
    1 KB (200 words) - 16:13, 12 November 2017
  • Normative Effects of Scientonomy
    |Description=How can our accepted scientonomic theories influence the very process they are meant to describe? Specifically, can an
    1 KB (185 words) - 17:26, 16 October 2022
  • Feyerabend (1981b)
    ...of each part. Volume 1 presents papers on the interpretation of scientific theories, together with papers applying the views developed to particular problems i
    1 KB (188 words) - 20:14, 29 December 2016
  • Mechanism of Normative Theory Rejection
    |Question=How do normative theories become rejected? What is the mechanism of normative theory rejection?
    1 KB (195 words) - 23:19, 2 January 2024
  • Alliksaar (2019)
    |Abstract=This paper argues that the traditional scientonomic portrayal of theories of classical physics (e.g. Newtonian mechanics, thermodynamics) as merely '
    2 KB (222 words) - 16:16, 28 December 2021
  • Feyerabend (1981a)
    ...of each part. Volume 1 presents papers on the interpretation of scientific theories, together with papers applying the views developed to particular problems i
    1 KB (190 words) - 20:10, 29 December 2016
  • Status of Tacit Theories
    |Question=What is the status of '''tacit theories''' in the scientific mosaic? Is it possible for a community to actually acc
    1 KB (203 words) - 16:15, 21 February 2023
  • Underdetermined Theory Change theorem (Barseghyan-2015)
    ...t]] under the TSC is underdetermined for two reasons. First, only [[Theory|theories]] that are constructed are available for assessment. Whether or not a theor
    2 KB (213 words) - 14:40, 28 September 2016
  • Synchronism of Method Rejection theorem (Barseghyan-2015)
    |Formulation Text=A method becomes rejected only when some of the theories, from which it follows, also become rejected. ...ract requirements of some other employed method by means of other accepted theories. It can be shown that method rejection is only possible in the first scenar
    14 KB (2,079 words) - 19:13, 24 February 2023
  • Necessary Logic
    |Parent Topic=Necessary Theories
    1 KB (199 words) - 03:00, 17 October 2022
  • Delegation of Authority to Individuals
    ...individuals appear to hold an esteemed role in dictating the appraisal of theories in that community. In certain cases, this might appear to constitute a case
    1 KB (204 words) - 16:54, 9 February 2023
  • Epistemic Agent (Patton-2019)
    ...ent'' acts in relation to [[Epistemic Element|epistemic elements]] such as theories, questions, and methods. The actions of an epistemic agent amount to taking
    2 KB (217 words) - 16:52, 21 February 2023
  • Demarcation-Acceptance Synchronism (Fraser-Sarwar-2018)
    ...rcation criteria are accepted, then it must also be accepted that accepted theories satisfy the criteria of demarcation. This demarcation-acceptance synchronis
    2 KB (225 words) - 16:07, 12 October 2020
  • Methods Shaping Theory Construction
    ...here. Seems like an epistemic practice question, a sub question of how are theories being constructed
    1 KB (209 words) - 03:13, 17 October 2022
  • Scope of Scientonomy - Individual and Social
    ...lsification requires other members of the scientific community to test the theories. As a result, Popper was one of the first philosophers of science to give a
    4 KB (592 words) - 12:11, 4 June 2020
  • Beck and Sharvit (2002)
    ...erb is exclusively question‐embedding. These data pose a problem for other theories of quantificational variability in questions (specifically Berman 1991 and
    2 KB (218 words) - 02:53, 2 August 2021
  • Allen (2023)
    ...of the agent’s mosaic, i.e., from that agent’s employed norms and accepted theories. This framework is then applied to the emergence of the local action of det
    2 KB (244 words) - 18:22, 1 January 2024
  • Possible Mosaic Split theorem (Barseghyan-2015)
    ...nconclusiveness in the assessment outcome of at least one of the contender theories".[[CiteRef::Barseghyan (2015)|p. 208]] ...cases the emergence of two distinct communities with two different sets of theories arises due to the possibility of differing beliefs with regards to values.
    21 KB (3,194 words) - 21:45, 10 November 2023
  • Longino (1979)
    ...argued that if there are objective criteria for deciding between competing theories, these cannot be simply that one theory has greater evidential support than
    1 KB (214 words) - 02:37, 7 October 2017
  • Scope of Scientonomy - Descriptive (Barseghyan-2015)
    ...hodological questions about how scientific change ought to happen and what theories and methods ought to be accepted. The first two questions are descriptive i
    4 KB (641 words) - 21:46, 19 February 2023
  • Tautological Status of The First Law for Norms (Barseghyan-Pandey-2023)
    ...e First Law for Norms (Barseghyan-Pandey-2023)|the first law for normative theories suggested by Barseghyan and Pandey in 2023]] forbids any conceivable course
    2 KB (220 words) - 20:38, 3 January 2024
  • Patton and Al-Zayadi (2021)
    ...sal feature of science. Although at any moment of time, many questions and theories can be part of a given discipline, not all of these are essential to the di
    2 KB (242 words) - 17:22, 1 August 2021
  • Overgaard (2017)
    |Abstract=Although we accept that a scientific mosaic is a set of theories and methods accepted and employed by a scientific community, ''scientific c
    2 KB (240 words) - 01:14, 6 November 2018
  • Machado-Marques and Patton (2021)
    ...ion theorem'' according to which a theory becomes rejected only when other theories that are incompatible with the theory become accepted, because it appears a
    2 KB (257 words) - 18:29, 21 September 2021
  • Method (Barseghyan-2015)
    ...ferent methods may have different Methods can be very general and apply to theories of a variety of types (e.g. ''the hypothetico-deductive method''), or very
    2 KB (211 words) - 19:59, 3 February 2023
  • Karl Popper
    * To allow theories to be objectively evaluated even before they were put to the test ...eded through cycles of conjecture, refutation, and correction of falsified theories.
    13 KB (1,923 words) - 03:41, 2 June 2020
  • Giere (Ed.) (1992)
    ...a valuable resource for philosophers of science who are developing general theories of science as a human activity. The emergence of cognitive science has by n
    2 KB (267 words) - 19:21, 7 October 2018
  • Norm Employment (Barseghyan-2018)
    ...ry evaluation (i.e. methods), but to [[Epistemic Stances Towards Normative Theories - Norm Employment (Barseghyan-2018)|norms of all types]], including ethical
    2 KB (213 words) - 20:58, 10 February 2023
  • Assessment of Scientonomy - Method
    |Description=[[Theory|Theories]] are assessed by a [[community]] and will be accepted into the [[Scientifi
    2 KB (225 words) - 18:53, 15 February 2018
  • Response to the Argument from Social Construction (Barseghyan-2015)
    ...c and, therefore, TSC is ultimately plausible. But, since all higher-level theories are rendered pointless, all disciplines would be said to be futile with the
    5 KB (710 words) - 00:14, 5 December 2018
  • Epistemic Stances Towards Questions - Question Acceptance (Rawleigh-2018)
    |Description=Rawleigh argued that, just like theories, [[Question|questions]] too can be [[Question Acceptance|accepted]] or unac
    2 KB (239 words) - 20:35, 23 January 2023
  • Employed Method (Patton-Overgaard-Barseghyan-2017)
    ...l natural philosophers, he actually means that this community expected new theories to be intuitively true.[[CiteRef::Barseghyan (2015)|pp. 143-145]][[CiteRef: ...the employed method of the time from our knowledge of the body of accepted theories using [[The Third Law|the third law]]. The previous definition of ''employe
    4 KB (646 words) - 20:20, 13 January 2023
  • The Third Law (Barseghyan-2015)
    ...mployed only when it is deducible from other employed methods and accepted theories of the time. ...sentially," Barseghyan writes, "the third law stipulates that our accepted theories shape our employed methods".[[CiteRef::Barseghyan (2015)|p. 132]]
    18 KB (2,630 words) - 15:49, 4 February 2023
  • Fraser (2022)
    ...possible worlds. I then draw a correspondence between accepted scientific theories and employed methods with logical axioms and rules of inference respectivel
    2 KB (255 words) - 22:19, 24 December 2021
  • Scope of Scientonomy - All Scales (Barseghyan-2015)
    ...nsitions in the mosaic such as those from the Aristotelian-Medieval set of theories to those of Descartes and his followers, but also relatively ''minor'' tran
    2 KB (240 words) - 15:59, 4 July 2017
  • Role of Non-Social and Environmental Factors in Scientific Change
    ...ly die off. Thus, the question seeks to elucidate whether or not there are theories which are selected for biological or evolutionary reasons, or are restricte
    2 KB (254 words) - 20:34, 19 May 2017
  • Friesen and Patton (2023)
    ...hierarchy of chymistry. Analyzing how these questions and their associated theories were received, we first show how, starting in the 1660s, alchemy transition
    2 KB (264 words) - 22:05, 3 January 2024
  • Non-Empty Mosaic theorem (Barseghyan-2015)
    ...mployed only when it is deducible from other employed methods and accepted theories of the time.[[CiteRef::Barseghyan (2015)|p. 226]]
    2 KB (252 words) - 18:46, 23 November 2023
  • Harper (2011)
    ...in the development and application of testing frameworks for relativistic theories of gravity. In addition, it is very much at work in cosmology today.
    2 KB (252 words) - 18:20, 29 November 2016
  • Larry Laudan
    ...od|methods]] of theory evaluation change together with scientific [[Theory|theories]] and goals of scientific inquiry in a piecemeal rational fashion. He later ...n, methods were seen as fixed to the paradigm in which they were utilized. Theories were also seemingly fixed to the paradigm in which they were discovered.
    12 KB (1,816 words) - 13:14, 17 January 2018
  • Indicators of Theory Scientificity
    ...eria took place, because scientists presumably may not keep track of those theories that are unscientific and those that are scientific but are unaccepted. Des
    2 KB (269 words) - 15:51, 1 October 2019
  • Smith (2009)
    and Einstein's theories of gravity and what the need to replace the former with the latter says abo
    2 KB (315 words) - 20:15, 5 December 2016
  • Pandey (2023)
    ...g a number of problems with the current formulations of the first laws for theories, methods, and questions, as well as the respective rejection theorems. New
    2 KB (311 words) - 17:50, 1 January 2024
  • Dynamic Substantive Methods theorem (Barseghyan-2015) Reason1
    ...by the new one (by the method rejection theorem). In short, a rejection of theories can trigger a rejection of the substantive method. This idea has been alrea
    2 KB (277 words) - 10:54, 17 January 2024
  • Patton (2022)
    ...stances, such as acceptance or rejection, towards epistemic elements, like theories or questions. An epistemic agent must semantically understand the propositi
    2 KB (291 words) - 22:22, 24 December 2021
  • Deducibility in Method Employment
    ...rts that a method becomes employed when it is deducible from some accepted theories and employed methods. However, it is unclear as to what ''deducibility'' he
    2 KB (293 words) - 02:47, 17 October 2022
  • Fieser (2016)
    ...ffered compelling criticisms of standard theistic proofs. He also advanced theories on the origin of popular religious beliefs, grounding such notions in human
    2 KB (280 words) - 15:20, 29 March 2018
  • Oh (2021)
    ...historical case for the existence of ''theory decay'', a phenomenon where theories leave an agent’s mosaic without any re-evaluation or decision on the agen
    2 KB (309 words) - 17:20, 1 August 2021
  • Scientific Community
    The third wave of theories about scientific communities arose out of the realization that scientific c ...h, considered itself a community, and facilitated the communication of its theories and methods.
    9 KB (1,337 words) - 16:50, 9 February 2023
  • Subtypes of Epistemic Agent
    ...outcome is that only the most empirically adequate and conceptually sound theories survive such community scrutiny. Since this process resembles that of biolo ...of scientists united by research programs consisting of groups of related theories. Individual scientists chose to adopt or abandon such programs, which could
    8 KB (1,099 words) - 22:02, 27 February 2023
  • Mechanism of Theory Demarcation
    |Question=How do theories become ''scientific'' or ''unscientific''?
    2 KB (344 words) - 05:23, 3 March 2019
  • Mechanism of Norm Employment
    ...Shapere]], [[Larry Laudan]], and [[Ernan McMullin]] all suggested that our theories about the world shape our methods of theory evaluation. ...ion:Sciento-2017-0001|Sebastien's modification]] that introduced normative theories one of as types of theory. With the acceptance of [[Modification:Sciento-20
    5 KB (671 words) - 11:23, 14 February 2024
  • One-sided Authority Delegation (Overgaard-Loiselle-2016)
    ...physicists (though, they certainly can be), meaning they must rely on the theories accepted by physicists to conduct research about, say, the quantum entities
    2 KB (311 words) - 23:58, 6 February 2023
  • Barseghyan (2022b)
    ...ptance and pursuit as epistemic stances that are customarily taken towards theories by epistemic agents (Laudan 1977; Wykstra 1980; Whitt 1990; Achinstein 1993
    2 KB (339 words) - 19:22, 20 June 2022
  • Bolt (1998)
    ...to the empirical confirmation of his father's wide-ranging and speculative theories. In both the Discourse and in his other works, such as the Treatise on Astr
    2 KB (326 words) - 21:39, 30 November 2017
  • The Law of Compatibility (Fraser-Sarwar-2018)
    ...which the epistemic agent decides whether any given pair of elements (i.e. theories, questions, methods) can be simultaneously part of their mosaic. Such an as
    2 KB (330 words) - 20:54, 9 October 2021
  • Individual Level
    ...ork allows us to understand the possible cause of the shift in methods and theories.
    2 KB (308 words) - 21:48, 11 December 2022
  • Possibility: The Argument from Social Construction
    ...ner structure of the world.[[CiteRef::Barseghyan (2015)]] Furthermore, the theories of science cannot reflect how the world truly is, according to the nominali ...history has shown that it is also not fatal to the formulation of general theories about the world.
    7 KB (1,015 words) - 14:52, 17 July 2016
  • Mechanism of Scientific Change
    ...new paradigm replaces the old. Because paradigms are holistic networks of theories, methods, and values, they are ''incommensurable'' with one another, meanin ...ught to challenge both Kuhn and Feyerabend. He saw interrelated scientific theories as constituting ''research programs''. Unlike Kuhn, he believed that scient
    9 KB (1,276 words) - 20:41, 26 February 2023
  • The Status of Holism and Ripple Effect
    ...finition'' of a certain concept may have a ripple effect on other accepted theories which use that concept. The question is whether there is such a thing as "r
    2 KB (353 words) - 01:33, 3 September 2019
  • Singular Authority Delegation (Loiselle-2017)
    ...arket only delegates authority to a single entity-- the mosaic composed of theories agreed upon by Maya and Claude-- this is an instance of singular authority
    2 KB (339 words) - 23:59, 6 February 2023
  • Scientonomy (Barseghyan-2015)
    ...y in a distinctive way. It is generally accepted nowadays that the body of theories accepted by epistemic agents - individual scientists or epistemic communiti ...ce now clearly indicates that the methods used by scientists to assess new theories have altered radically over time and between communities. For example, the
    10 KB (1,501 words) - 18:14, 11 February 2024
  • Assessment of Scientonomy - Relevant Facts (Barseghyan-2015)
    ...tions pertinent to scientific change processes. For example: What [[Theory|theories]] and [[Method|methods]] were part of the [[Scientific Mosaic|scientific mo
    3 KB (411 words) - 18:52, 25 July 2017
  • Bearers of Mosaic
    ...outcome is that only the most empirically adequate and conceptually sound theories survive such community scrutiny. Since this process resembles that of biolo ...of scientists united by research programs consisting of groups of related theories. Individual scientists chose to adopt or abandon such programs, which could
    10 KB (1,480 words) - 15:02, 9 February 2023
  • Contextual Appraisal theorem (Barseghyan-2015)
    ...sed modification is to be accepted. In other words, we judge two competing theories not in a vacuum, as the traditional version of ''comparativism'' suggests, ...the following: "if, for whatever reason, we need to compare two competing theories disregarding the current state of the mosaic, we are free to do so, but we
    22 KB (3,339 words) - 17:13, 31 October 2023
  • Workflow - Handling Ripple Effects
    ...efinition of a certain term may have a ''ripple effect'' on other accepted theories which use that concept. In an ideal world, a modification that suggests the
    3 KB (387 words) - 19:22, 5 March 2023
  • Imre Lakatos
    ...ilure of a prediction could be due to a problem anywhere in the network of theories and auxiliary assumptions responsible for that prediction. Lakatos thus arg ...was troubled by Kuhn's '''incommensurability thesis''', which asserts that theories with different taxonomies cannot be rationally compared. Lakatos accused Ku
    12 KB (1,735 words) - 15:27, 7 September 2017
  • John Herschel
    ...light, they had to be pursued, if not necessarily accepted, as scientific theories. And this is where the method of hypothesis, aided by Herschel and his cont ...distinguishes), and on the importance of the deductive appraisal of these theories.
    13 KB (2,131 words) - 04:19, 17 January 2018
  • Chalmers (1996)
    ...de away? The book also features thoughtful discussions of how the author's theories might be practically applied to subjects as diverse as artificial intellige
    3 KB (403 words) - 03:29, 1 February 2017
  • Helen Longino
    ...xists at least some instances in our chain of justification concerning the theories such that there are no further justifications for using a certain assumptio ...y cannot have divided members with different values about which scientific theories are accepted.
    15 KB (2,185 words) - 08:43, 2 December 2017
  • Assessment of Scientonomy
    |Description=In many branches of contemporary science, theories are required to have confirmed novel predictions to become accepted. Should
    3 KB (442 words) - 17:47, 22 January 2023
  • John Stuart Mill
    ...is the source of justification for, the evaluative criteria for scientific theories and laws. On one hand, Whewell took what could appropriately be termed as t ...e theories themselves are fallible - there is no guarantee that scientific theories will remain invariable in the future as well.[[CiteRef::Losee (1983)]] As a
    27 KB (4,114 words) - 22:49, 21 June 2018
  • Aristotle
    ...most relevant to issues of scientific change are his theory of causation, theories on metaphysics, and his method of science, which was based on intuition sch ...Per Aristotle, explanatory theories should be valued more than descriptive theories.[[CiteRef::Aristotle (1994a)|ch. 13]]
    16 KB (2,413 words) - 13:29, 16 March 2018
  • Tree of Knowledge Project
    ...relatively small-scale ''pilot'', the task of which is to reconstruct the theories and methods of one small community at one short time-period. To that end, s
    3 KB (494 words) - 11:52, 12 August 2019
  • Scientonomy Workshop 2024
    Shan, G. G. (2023) Corpus Linguistics Strategies for Identifying Accepted Theories in Early Modern England. ''Scientonomy'' 5, 47-71. Retrieved from https://s
    4 KB (453 words) - 17:28, 23 February 2024
  • The Second Law (Patton-Overgaard-Barseghyan-2017) is Not Tautological (Patton-Overgaard-Barseghyan-2017)
    ...od for theory assessment prescribed an inductivist acceptance criteria for theories. He proposed implicit methods for experimentation and reasoning in the Opti
    4 KB (458 words) - 21:54, 19 January 2023
  • Static Procedural Methods theorem (Barseghyan-2015)
    ...lf Carnap]] and the logical positivists attempted to axiomatize scientific theories, and therefore apply a universal method of logical deduction in their form
    4 KB (562 words) - 22:15, 10 November 2023
  • Isaac Newton
    ...[[CiteRef::Newton (1704)]] which was published in 1704 and dealt with his theories of light and color. [[CiteRef::Westfall (1999)]] Newton made mathematics mu ...] Newton called his methodology the '''experimental philosophy''', because theories about the behavior of empirical objects can only be refuted via experimenta
    19 KB (2,653 words) - 02:03, 15 March 2018
  • Scientonomic Workflow (Barseghyan et al.-2016)
    ...e way of knowing where the community stands on different topics, i.e. what theories it currently accepts, what open questions it tries to answer, what modifica
    5 KB (657 words) - 20:30, 29 November 2023
  • Discipline
    Are disciplines they expressible as theories, questions, and/or methods? Is a discipline expressible as a mere definitio
    4 KB (598 words) - 18:55, 10 February 2023
  • Sociocultural Factors
    ...the multitude of smaller disciplines under general laws or ''Grand-Unified Theories'', which were all conceptually and logically compatible with each other. On
    5 KB (636 words) - 23:23, 11 December 2022
  • Francis Bacon
    ...he methodology employed during that era was one that demarcated scientific theories by their ability to describe the world intuitively. The prevalent renaissan ...ientists did science leading the way for natural philosophers to construct theories that were based on evidence rather than intuition.
    19 KB (2,923 words) - 16:14, 10 January 2018
  • Role of Sociocultural Factors in Theory Acceptance
    ...rom other time periods and other cultures seem to arrive at very different theories despite all being sufficiently “scientific” or rigorous, which can appe
    5 KB (684 words) - 05:30, 11 January 2018
  • Immanuel Kant
    ...ively we now know their respective a priori axioms were unsound, but their theories nonetheless provided more insight on the epistemological issues that both e ...uences can be seen in much of modern philosophy of science, such as in the theories of logical empiricism, Karl Popper, Thomas Kuhn and more.
    15 KB (2,327 words) - 03:47, 7 October 2017
  • René Descartes
    ...fully displaced throughout Europe by Descartes' theories and by the later theories of [[Isaac Newton]] (1642-1726).[[CiteRef::Barseghyan (2015)|p. 167]] ...on criteria independent of observation, and subsequently consider physical theories consistent with the metaphysical foundation. His natural philosophy was in
    27 KB (3,968 words) - 02:04, 15 March 2018
  • George Sarton
    ...by any ‘superficial’ distinction between their domains. In the context of theories about scientific change, the consequence of this belief means that the fund ...::Dear (2009)|p. 93]], presumably by tacitly assuming the truth of present theories and using them to explain the findings of past scientists. Acknowledging th
    15 KB (2,418 words) - 16:13, 10 January 2018
  • Rudolf Carnap
    ...rict verification caused Carnap to drop this view later, as uncorroborated theories were considered unscientific. ...ions that will allow to rationally choose between two competing scientific theories.[[CiteRef::Murzi (2017)]] This has been the focus of Carnap’s work from 1
    15 KB (2,231 words) - 16:15, 10 January 2018
  • Scientonomy
    ...project of logical empiricism. The proliferation of successful scientific theories involving unobservable entities like subatomic particles, molecules, and ge ...del of scientific rationality posited during assessment of a theory, other theories, methods, and values all interact.[[CiteRef::Laudan (1984a)]] Philosopher [
    16 KB (2,219 words) - 08:19, 11 February 2024
  • David Hume
    ...aftermath of the acceptance of [[Isaac Newton]]'s(1643-1727) revolutionary theories of motion and gravitation, eighteenth century thinkers proclaimed the ''''A ...[CiteRef:: Westfall (1999)]][[CiteRef::Janiak (2016)]] By about 1700 these theories had become [[Theory Acceptance|accepted]] in Britain. [[CiteRef::Barseghyan
    35 KB (5,182 words) - 17:57, 14 September 2018
  • Authority Delegation (Overgaard-Loiselle-2016)
    ...is so specialized that no single research lab can account for all accepted theories in their discipline, we quickly recognize that there exists some form of di
    9 KB (1,287 words) - 23:57, 6 February 2023
  • Ludwik Fleck
    ...is frequently seen as a standout, peculiarly-informed precursor to future theories of the sociology of science — including features of incommensurability an
    19 KB (2,858 words) - 14:03, 13 April 2018
  • John Locke
    ...a minor role in natural philosophy, though he did accept the value of the theories expressed in Newton's ''Principia''. [[CiteRef::Anstey (2011)|p. 70]] He wr
    18 KB (2,704 words) - 15:17, 29 March 2018
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